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STUDIES OF

CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II

THE mmx OF rot

NOV191940

BY UNMER&TY OF

PAUL C. STANDLEY

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
AND

JULIAN A. STEYERMARK

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

V

S" NATURAL
HISTORY

BOTANICAL SERIES

FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

VOLUME 22, NUMBER 5

OCTOBER 31, 1940

PUBLICATION 482

326 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

branaceis scariosis dilatatis fuscis, 10-15 cm. longis, 2.5-3.5 cm.
latis, medio latissimis; scapis elongatis ca. 5-costatis teretibus tenuis-
simis, 0.5-0.6 mm. diam., apice dilatatis, 2-2.5 mm. latis, stramineis,
30-50 cm. longis, costis obtusis; floribus 2 sessilibus, involucre nullo,
fusiformibus 1-1.2 cm. longis anthesi 3.5-5 mm. latis, in fructu 6
mm. latis; bracteis plurimis ca. 14-16 glabris adpressis induratis,
omnibus acutis, infimis triangularibus vel ovatis, 1-3 mm. longis,
ceteris ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis 6-7 mm. longis, prope basin ca.
2-3 mm. latis; sepalis 3 ovato-lanceolatis 7-8 mm. longis, bracteas
paullo superantibus, brunneis acutis firme chartaceis; antheris 6
linearibus tetragonis 4-locularibus fuscis apice unilocellatis poro
unico introrso dehiscentibus, filamentis inferne corollae adnatis
3.5-3.8 mm. longis; ovario triloculari, loculis 7-8-ovulatis, ovulis
matrice mucoso circundatis; capsula loculicide dehiscente nitente
fulva 9 mm. longa. Panama: Prov. Cocl: Epiphytic, growing with
orchids and ferns in tops of trees 10 meters tall, hills north of El Valle
de Anton, alt. 1,000 meters, June 23, 1940, Paul H. Allen 2153 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.).

The genus Stegolepis has been known previously only from South
America, in Venezuela and British and French Guiana. All the
other species are reported to grow in swamps or moist or boggy
spots on the slopes and summits of mountain areas. It is, therefore,
a surprise to find that this new species of Panama should have been
found as an epiphyte growing "in the tops of trees as tall as 10
meters," according to the notes of the collector.

This species is related to S. linearis Gleason and S. pauciflora
Gleason in possessing 2-flowered heads, but is amply distinct from
both species in several characters. From 5. linearis it differs in its
very much longer and broader leaves, more slender scapes, smaller
flowers with fewer bracts, and more numerous ovules, while from
S. pauciflora it may be separated easily chiefly by its leaf sheaths,
which are narrowed above and tapering gradually to the blade and
not auricled, instead of being abruptly rounded to the summit and
auricled, and by its more slender scapes. The family Rapateaceae,
rather sparsely represented in South America, chiefly in the Guianas
and the Amazon Valley, has not been recorded previously from
North America.

PALMAE

Chamaedorea Terryorum Standl., sp. nov. Planta nana
acaulis 30-40 cm. alta, vel ut dicitur usque 75 cm.; folia parva
membranacea, petiolo 11-25 cm. longo gracili; vagina angusta

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 327

oblique aperta extus dense striato-costata; lamina 21-30 cm. longa
9-15 cm. lata simplex obovatocuneata, rhachi 12-16 cm. longa, basi
acuta, apice profunde excisa, segmentis apice longe angusteque
acuminatis, supra in sicco olivacea, subtus vix pallidior, nervis
primariis utroque latere ca. 14 tenerrimis subtus prominentibus,
i nervis tertiariis sat densis et numerosis subtus prominulis; spadices
masculi plures longipedunculati cum pedunculo ca. 18 cm. longi,
ramis 16 vel ultra gracillimis late patentibus vel subrecurvis usque
6 cm. longis flexuosis, floribus remotis sessilibus sed non immersis,
rhachi gracili recta, spathis anguste tubularibus 3 mm. latis; calyx
tenuis late cupularis 1.5 mm. latus fere 1 mm. altus, obscure trilobus;
petala valvata oblongo-obovata 3 mm. longa in sicco fusca, apice
late obtusa vel fere rotundata; stamina petalis duplo breviora.
Panama: Cana-Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n, alt.
600 meters, March 9, 1940, M.E. & R. A. Terry 1452 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.).

In general appearance the plant suggests Chamaedorea Ernesti-
Augusti Wendl., of Mexico and British Honduras, but probably it
is not closely related to that, which Burret refers to the genus
Eleutheropetalum. C. Terryorum is one of the smallest plants of the
genus, and is notable also for its simple leaves and dwarf, much
branched staminate spadices, whose branches are more slender than
those of any other Chamaedorea I have seen.

LILIACEAE

Anthericum panamense Standl., sp. nov. Herba erecta
glabra ca. 30 cm. alta, radicibus numerosis longis paullo carnosis
pallidis; folia magna lataque numerosa tenuia plerumque 22-35 cm.
longa et 13-18 mm. lata in sicco laete viridia apicem versus longe
sensimque attenuata, basin versus sensim angustata, ima basi in
vaginam latam pallidam dilatata, glabra, ca. 16-nervia, nervis tener-
rimis prominulis; inflorescentia foliis subaequalis vel interdum paullo
longior fere simplex et racemiformis vel ramis 1-2 brevibus aucta,
scapo inferne nudo, supra bracteis paucis lineari-lanceolatis viridibus
usque 4.5 cm. longis onusto, parte florifera usque 10 cm. longa et
ultra dense vel laxe multiflora, pedicellis gracillimis 4-8 mm. longis
bene infra medium geniculatis adscendentibus solitariis vel pauci-
fasciculatis; perianthium album, segmentis oblongo-linearibus 6-7
mm. longis obscure 3-nerviis persistentibus; filamenta gracillima
1.5-2 mm. longa glabra, antheris oblongis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis; stylus
gracillimus fere 3 mm. longus; capsula subglobosa viridis ca. 4 mm.

328 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

alta et aequilata subprofunde triloba, apice depressa; semina pauca
nigra angulata ca. 1.5 mm. diam. dense minutissime punctata.
Panama: Hills north of El Valle de Anton, Prov. Code", alt. 1,000
meters, July 14, 1940, Paul H. Allen 2195 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Among Central American species of Anthericum this is isolated
by its large, very wide, and thin leaves, and by the small, white,
rather than yellow, flowers, with extremely small anthers.

ZINGIBERACEAE

Renealmia foliifera Standl., sp. nov. Herba erecta ca. me-
tralis; folia pauca radicalia longipetiolata, petiolo fere ad apicem
vaginato, vagina dense striata; lamina magna 12 cm. lata et ultra,
apice acuminata vel rotundata et breviter abrupteque acuminata,
basi acuta, glabra, arete nervosa; pedunculus petiolis aequilongus
gracilis prope apicem folio 1 ceteris conformi et aequimagno onustus;
panicula spiciformis ca. 13 cm. longa erecta, rhachi crassa sparse
pilosula vel fere glabra; bracteae oblongae ca. 7-nerviae apice ob-
tusae vel rotundatae viridescentes ca. 2 cm. longae glabrae, brac-
teolis conformibus sed brevioribus; flores ca. 5 mm. longe pedicellati
in concinnos paucifloros brevissime pedunculatos dispositi, pedicellis
dense hirtellis; ovarium dense hirtellum late obovoideum 3.5 mm.
longum basi obtusum; calyx ca. 7 mm. longus anguste campanulatus
irregulare trilobus, lobis brevibus apice rotundatis. Panama: Rain
forest, crest of Cana-Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n,
alt. 1,650 meters, March 15, 1940, M.E. & R. A. Terry 1591 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.).

The flowers are described as orange. The material is not too well
preserved, particularly as regards the leaves. The plant seems to
represent a species different from all those reported previously from
southern Central America, although the inflorescence in general
appearance is much like that of R. concinna Standl., of the same
general region. The inflorescence arises from the base of the plant
with the leaves, and is distinguished by the greatly elongate peduncle
and especially by the large leaf borne from the upper part of the
peduncle.

ULMACEAE

Phyllostylon rhamnoides (Poisson) Taub. Oesterr. Bot.
Zeitschr. 40: 409. 1890. Samaroceltis rhamnoides Poisson, Journ.
de Bot. 1: 256. 1887. This tree, which furnishes a rather valuable
wood, has been recorded in continental North America from the
Mexican states of Tamaulipas, San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo, and Yuca-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 329

tan, besides occurring in Cuba and Hispaniola, and in some of the
drier regions of Brazil and adjacent countries. It has been found
recently in Central America: Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky
(igneous) outcrops along gorge of Rio Chiquimula, between Santa
Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north of Chiquimula, alt. 350-420
meters, Steyermark 30237; a shrub of 3 meters. The specimens are
sterile, but clearly referable here.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE

Aristolochia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 6-metralis,

ramis teretibus gracilibus brunnescenti-fuscis glabris nodosis, inter-

nodiis plerumque 2-4.5 cm. longis; folia majuscula breviter petiolata

membranacea, petiolo gracili 1-1.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina anguste

oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga vulgo 15-23 cm. longa et 4-6 cm. lata

breviter vel longiuscule acuminata, acumine angusto, basi paullo

inaequali obtusa, interdum subcontracta, glabra, supra in sicco

fuscescenti-viridis sublucida, costa nervisque fere planis, subtus

pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere

ca. 7 teneris prominentibus arcuatis angulo lato vel latiusculo ad-

scendentibus, venis prominulis laxissime reticulatis; flores axillares

solitarii, pedunculo fructifero gracili 2-3 cm. longo glabro; capsula

angusta glabra lucida, valvis 6 post dehiscentiam valde recurvis

4-4.5 cm. longis ca. 6 mm. latis, seminibus ut videtur numerosis

Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Along Quebrada San Geronimo,

Finca Pireneos, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria,

between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt. 1,300-2,000

meters, January 1-2, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 33455 (type in

Herb. Field Mus.).

The most closely related species is Aristolochia arborea Linden,
which has abundant although very short pubescence. In that species,
too, the flowers are borne in small panicles on naked branches below
the leaves.

POLYGONACEAE

Polygonum aviculare L. Sp. PI. 362. 1753. While Britton
and Brown in the Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada
give the range of this species as "common almost throughout North
America, Asia, and Europe," their statement is certainly not true
for a good many wide areas in North America. In Mexico the plant,
doubtless introduced from Europe, is either rare or else not collected,
and it has not been reported for Central America, except for a single
collection from Costa Rica. The following collections of the common

330 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

knotgrass are therefore worth placing on record: Mexico: Chuichupa,
Chihuahua, August, 1937, Harde LeSueur 1313. El Rosario, Distrito
Federal, August, 1936, L. H. MacDaniels 626. Maltrata, Veracruz,
May, 1937, Matuda S25. Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: On sand-
bar, erect, rare, large arroyo south of Guatemala on road to Amatit-
lan, alt. 1,380 meters, Standley 62846. Dept. Chimaltenango:
Patzicia, in waste ground, Standley 61477; procumbent; locally
abundant. Dept. Quezaltenango: Olintepeque, alt. 2,415 meters,
in edge of street, Standley 66003 ; called locally Tabaco. Near Quezal-
tenango, roadside, alt. 2,300 meters, Standley 66427; plants erect or
prostrate, common. On sand flat, eastern side of Rio Samala op-
posite Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 35068;
plants prostrate except for the central stem, which is erect; flowers
pink or rosy; leaves grayish blue-green. Costa Rica: Tierra Blanca,
April, 1935, J. M. Orozco 302. In Costa Rica the plant probably is
of recent introduction, perhaps with grass seed. In Guatemala, like
so many other European weeds, it has the appearance of having been
long established, and has become a common weed in many localities
of the Department of Quezaltenango.

Polygonum longiocreatum Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. 43: 51.
1907. The species was based on a single collection from Gualan,
Dept. Zacapa, Guatemala, C. C. Beam 374. It has been noted from
the vicinity of Tela, Dept. Atlantida, Honduras, and several recent
Guatemalan collections extend widely its previously known range:
Dept. Zacapa: Near Zacapa, alt. 225 meters, sandy river bed,
Standley 72091 ; plants erect, the flowers deep pink. Dept. Chiqui-
mula: Margin of rivulet, in mud, valley of Rio Chiquimula, 1.5
miles northeast of Chiquimula, alt. 400 meters, Steyermark 30127;
inflorescence drooping-arching; flowers pink-rose and white. Dept.
San Marcos: Edge of stream, Rio Cabus, near Malacatan, alt. 300
meters, Standley 68878; plants erect, 60 cm. high; flowers pale pink.

AMARANTHACEAE

Alternanthera laguroides Standl. in Standl. & Calderon, Lista
Prel. PI. Salvador 74. 1925. Achyranthes laguroides Standl. Contr.
U. S. Nat. Herb. 18: 90. 1916. In North American Flora (21: 143.
1917) this species is reported only from Costa Rica, whence it was
described, but it has since been recorded for Salvador. Several col-
lections now available show that it ranges somewhat farther north
and south: Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala, in 1940, Ignacio Aguilar
454. Panama: Prov. Bocas del Toro: Lincoln Creek, in 1924, V. C.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 331

Dunlap 426; a vine. Banks of Changuinola River, March, 1924,
blimbing, Dunlap 515.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Cerastium guatemalense Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 17:
J244. 1937. The type is J. R. Johnston 816 from Volcan de Agua,
iDept. Sacatepe"quez, Guatemala. Several additional collections have
jbeen made recently on the Guatemalan volcanoes: Dept. Sacate-
ipe"quez: Pine forest, scarce, slopes of Volcan de Agua above Santa
IMaria de Jesus, alt. 2,250-3,000 meters, Standley 65268. Dept.
Chimaltenango : Slopes of Volcan de Acatenango, above Las Calderas,
alt. 2,700-2,900 meters, in open pine forest with dense tussock grass,
Standley 61872, 61893; common in this region. Dept. Quezaltenango:
Moist pine slopes well up toward the summit of Volcan de Santa
Maria, alt. 4,000 meters, Steyermark 34153. Dept. San Marcos:
Dry pine forest, between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan de
Tajumulco, alt. 3,800-4,600 meters, Steyermark 35517.

Spergula arvensis L. Sp. PI. 440. 1753. While this European
plant has becone established as a weed in various parts of the United
States and Canada, it has not, so far as we find, been reported from
Central America. Two collections are available from Guatemala:
Dept. Quezaltenango: Cerro La Pedrera, south of Quezaltenango,
alt. 2,400 meters, Standley 66463; abundant in an old field. Along
eastern side of Rio Samala, opposite Santa Maria de Jesus, on sand
flat, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 35058. The plant is thoroughly
established in the Department of Quezaltenango, and plentiful in
some localities.

MAGNOLIACEAE

Magnolia Allenii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 30-metralis, trunco
ca. 1 m. diam., ubique glabra vel glabrata, ramis crassis subteretibus
vel obtuse subangulatis, junioribus ochraceis vel fusco-ochraceis, inter-
nodiis brevibus; stipulae a petiolo liberae 1.7-2.5 cm. longae extus
minute subtuberculatae caducae; folia magna persistentia petiolata
coriacea, petiolo crasso 2.5-5 cm. longo supra piano, subtus rotundo-
convexo; lamina elliptico-ovata usque late elliptica 13-26 cm. longa
atque 8.5-15 cm. lata vel ultra, apice obtusa vel rotundata, basi
obtusa usque late rotundata et saepe breviter subito contracta et
ad petiolum subdecurrens, interdum apicern versus paullo angus-
tata, sed saepius medio latissima, supra in sicco griseo-brunnescens
fere opaca, costa nervisque plus minusve prominentibus, venis
prominentibus et arete reticulatis, subtus fere concolor lucida, costa

332 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

solemn! ter elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 11 promi-
nentibus gracilibus angulo semirecto vel latiore adscendentibus sub-
arcuatis irregularibus prope marginem irregulars conjunctis, venis
prominentibus arete reticulatis; pedunculi crassissimi ca. 4.5 cm. longi
5-annulati, alabastro ante anthesin bracteis 2 connatis 3.5 cm. longis
induratis vel in vivo carnosis incluso, bracteis glabris in sicco fusco-
ferrugineis; sepala exteriora ca. 4 cm. longa et aequilata in sicco
indurata crassaque; carpella fructus juvenilis ca. 25 glabra. Panama:
Hills north of El Valle de Anton, Prov. Code, alt. 1,000 meters, July
14, 1940, Paul H. Allen 2200 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From Central America three other species of Magnolia have been
described. The only one of these known from Panama is the recently
described M. sororum Seibert (Ann. Mo. Bot. Card. 25: 828. 1928)
of Chiriqui, which differs in its abundant pubescence, very acute,
much smaller leaves, and more numerous carpels. Magnolia Allenii
appears to be an unusually well marked species, particularly notable
for the petioles, considerably longer than those of other Central
American species, and conspicuously flattened on the upper side, a
character I have not observed in any other tropical American species.
Mr. Allen supplies the following notes: A tree to 30 meters in height,
tall, very straight, and handsome; bark gray; usual trunk diameter
about 1 meter just above the buttresses, nearly 15 meters to the
first branches; flowers white, fleshy.

MONIMIACEAE

Mollinedia darienensis Standl., sp. nov. Frutex 1-2.5 m.
altus, ramis gracilibus glabris in sicco fuscescentibus, internodiis
brevibus rimosis; folia modica breviter petiolata chartacea, petiolo
ca. 1 cm. longo glabro vel glabrato; lamina elliptico-oblonga vel
lanceolato-oblonga 14-16 cm. longa 4.5-6 cm. lata subabrupte longi-
uscule acuminata, basi acuta, supra medium remote adpresso-serrata,
serraturis utroque latere ca. 7, supra in sicco fuscescens sublucida
glabra, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior brun-
nescens, primo ut videtur sparse sericea sed cito glabrata, in statu
adulto fere omnino glabra, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere ca. 7 obliquis angulo lato adscendentibus teneris sub-
arcuatis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis
sessilis breviter racemosa ut videtur 3-4-flora, pedicellis fructiferis
incrassatis 1-1.7 cm. longis glabratis; receptaculum in statu fructi-
fero ca. 1 cm. latum; carpella pauca sessilia ellipsoidea basi et apice
rotundata ca. 1.5 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata laevia. Panama: Cana-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 333

Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n, alt. 600 meters, March
10, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1456 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

CRUCIFERAE

Draba volcanica Benth. PI. Hartweg. 82. 1841. The type was
found by one of the pioneer collectors of Guatemalan plants, Hart-
weg, in the crater of Volcan de Agua. Mexican material has been
referred to the species, but in view of the critical nature of most
Draba species, its identity is somewhat doubtful. Several recent
collections of the species have been made in Guatemala and adjacent
Chiapas, where the plant is confined to the limited alpine areas on
the tops of the higher volcanoes: Mexico: Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas,
alt. 4,000 meters, Matuda in August, 1938. Guatemala: Dept. San
Marcos: Summit of Volcan de Tajumulco, in shade, crevices of north-
facing, rocky summit of the dome, alt. 4,600 meters, Steyermark
35538. Between San Sebastian and summit of Volcan de Tajumulco,
common from top of slope in pine woods to summit of the rocky,
alpine dome, alt. 3,800-4,600 meters, Steyermark 35521. Dept.
Quezaltenango: Volcan de Santa Maria, among rocks on or near the
summit, alt. 3,768 meters, Standley 67730; Skutch 850, the flowers
yellow. Dept. Sacatepe"quez: Crater of Volcan de Agua, July, 1937,
J. R. Johnston 801.

CAPPARIDACEAE

Capparis quiriguensis Standl. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 52.
1924. The type was found in a wooded swamp near Quirigua,
Guatemala, Standley 24048. Apparently the plant does not range
widely, nor is it common, for at present it is known only from the
Department of Izabal: Near Quirigua, in swamp forest, alt. 75
meters, Standley 72290, 72251; a shrub or tree of 3-6 meters; stamens
white or creamy white. Swampy jungle in valley of tributary of Rio
San Francisco del Mar, two miles northeast of Hopi, 12 miles east
of Entre Rios, near sea level, Steyermark 39769; a shrub; leaves sub-
coriaceous, dark green above, pale bluish green beneath. Valley of
Rio Motagua between Los Amates and Quirigua, alt. 80 meters,
Steyermark 38332; a tree of 6 meters.

Capparis Tuerckheimii Donn. Smith, Bot Gaz. 46: 109.
1908. Originally collected at Panzal, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala,
Tuerckheim 11.1746, the species must be rare in Guatemala, and no
recent collections of it from that country are available. It has been
collected several times in Honduras, however, and may now be
placed on record from the State of Tabasco, Mexico, the determina-

334 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

tions by Dr. C. L. Lundell: Mercedes, Balancan, Matuda 3009; a
shrub of 2-3 meters; flowers white. Reforma, Balancan, Matuda
3185; a shrub.

SAXIFRAGACEAE

Phyllonoma cacuminis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor
humilis omnino glabra, ramis gracillimis pallidis in sicco subangulatis
et striatis flexuosis, internodiis brevibus; folia breviter petiolata
subcoriacea, petiolo gracili 6-8 mm. longo; lamina anguste oblongo-
lanceolata 5-8 cm. longa 1.3-2.2 cm. lata, subabrupte longe angus-
teque caudato-acuminata, acumine usque 1.5 cm. longo saepe falcato,
basi acuta, supra in sicco griseo-viridis, costa impressa, nervis venis-
que prominulis, sublucida, subtus fere concolor, costa crassiuscula
prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 13 tenerrimis promi-
nentibus angulo recto vel fere recto divergentibus, prope marginem
arcuato-junctis, venulis prominulis arete reticulatis, margine integro
vel remote minuteque serrulato; inflorescentia e pagina superiore
laminae basi acuminis nascens parva pauciflora laxa, ramis pedi-
cellisque incrassatis, pedicellis 1 mm. longis vel paullo ultra; hypan-
thium obovoideum 1 mm. longum; sepala triangulari-ovata obtusa
0.8 mm. longa reflexa. Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Cloud forest in
ravine bordering Quebrada Alejandria, summit of Sierra de las
Minas, vicinity of Finca Alejandria, alt. 2,500 meters, October 13,
1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29870 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The species of Phyllonoma, a genus remarkable because its small
inflorescences arise from the upper leaf surface near the apex of the
blade, are all much alike and, as generally treated, separated by
"feeble" characters. The present one is no more distinct than the
rest, but it does seem to differ decidedly from P. laticuspis (Turcz.)
Engler, the only other species of northern Central America, in its
narrow, entire or only remotely and minutely serrulate leaves,
which are thicker than in P. laticuspis.

Phyllonoma laticuspis (Turcz.) Engler in Engl. & Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. 3, Abt. 2a: 87. 1890. Dulongia laticuspis Turcz. Bull.
Soc. Nat. Moscou 31, pt. 1: 454. 1858. In Trees and Shrubs of Mexico
(Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 313. 1922) this tree was reported to
range from Durango to Chiapas in Mexico. Recently it has been
found to extend to extreme western Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos:
Wet forest, Barranco Eminencia, above San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta,
alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Standley 68669; a tree of 4.5-6 meters;
leaves very lustrous. Dry, upper, forested slopes near boundary line,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 335

barrancos tributary to and bordering Rio Vega, between San Rafael
and Guatemala-Mexico boundary, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,500-
3,000 meters, Steyermark 36365; leaves firm, membranaceous, rich,
dark green and shining above, grass-green beneath. Same locality,
Steyermark 36299; a tree of 9 meters.

ROSACEAE

Licania costaricensis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor
elata, ramulis crassis teretibus ut videtur interdum ferrugineis,
novellis dense pilis rigidulis ochraceis patulis hirsutis, internodiis
brevibus; stipulae deciduae, non visae; folia majuscula breviter
petiolata coriacea, petiolo crasso ca. 8-10 mm. longo dense breviter
hirsute vel glabrato; lamina late elliptica, rotundo-obovata vel fere
obovato-orbicularis 8-14 cm. longa 7-11 cm. lata, apice late ro-
tundata vel interdum abrupte breviter apicata, basi acuta vel sub-
acuta et interdum paullo contracta, supra in sicco fusco-brunnescens
lucida glabra vel glabrata, costa nervisque ut quoque venis im-
pressis, pagina ita plus minusve bullata, subtus fere concolor, ad
nervos venasque puberula vel glabrata, secus costam sparse ad-
presso-hirsuta, costa valde elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
ca. 9 teneris insigniter elevatis subarcuatis juxta marginem arcuato-
conjunctis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, venis valde prominenti-
bus laxe reticulatis; paniculae parvae axillares solitariae vel fascicu-
latae simpliciter pinnato-paniculatae vix ultra 5.5 cm. longae sessiles
pauciramosae dense multiflorae, ramis gracilibus dense puberulis et
hispidulis, floribus sessilibus dense glomeratis minutis, bracteis
omnibus minutis inconspicuis; flores campanulati 1.5-1.8 mm. alti
et fere aequilati, hypanthio 0.7-0.8 mm. alto hirtello subcoriaceo,
intus prope basin hirtello; calycis lobi deltoideo-ovati acutiusculi
0.8-1 mm. longi, basi 1 mm. lati, utrinque hirtelli, erecti; petala cum
lobis calycis alternantia prope marginem hypanthii inserta, obovata
obtusa basi solemniter angustata, utrinque dense puberula, 0.8-1 mm.
longa, prope vel paullo supra medium 0.6 mm. lata, quam lobis
calycis tenuioribus; stamina perigyna cum petalis alternantia, an-
theris introrsis ovalibus vel subglobosis 2-locularibus crassiusculis
0.4-0.5 mm. longis, filamentis 0.5 mm. longis superne incurvis, in
disco annulari lobato membranaceo insertis, lobis disci lobos calycis
fere aequantibus; stylus gynobasilaris 1.2 mm. longus subulatus,
stigmate simplici; ovarium ovale vel late oblongum dense hirtellum
0.3 mm. longum 2-ovulatum. Costa Rica: In pasture on hill, Villa
Quesada, Canton de San Carlos, Prov. Alajuela, alt. 825 meters,
March 14, 1939, Austin Smith F1779 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

336 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

"A tree with well rounded crown; bark dark brown, irregular;
leaves thickly membranaceous, almost rigid, the venation very promi-
nent, green, not shining above; inflorescence gray-green." Although
evidently a member of the genus Licania, the present species is so
unlike other members of the genus that its relationship at first was
not suspected. It has no resemblance to any of the few other species
of Licania occurring in Central America, and may be recognized at
once by its broad, almost glabrous, very conspicuously veined leaves,
as well as by its small inflorescences.

Primus barbata Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 284. 1915. The type
and the only material reported heretofore for the species, apparently,
is Bernoulli & Cario 2916 from "Cumbre de Xuipach," Guatemala.
One recent Guatemalan collection seems to represent the species:
Dept. Suchitepe"quez, southwestern, lower slopes of Volcan de Zunil,
vicinity of Finca Montecristo, southeast of Santa Maria de Jesus,
alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, January, 1940, Steyermark 35262; a tree of
7.5-10 meters; leaves shining above and rich, dark, bright green,
pale green beneath; calyx tube greenish white.

Prunus brachybotrya Zucc. Abh. Acad. Muenchen 2: 348.
1837. The tree has been known from various localities and states
in southern Mexico, but has not been reported, so far as we know,
from Central America. The following Guatemalan collections are
referable here, and several sterile specimens from the same country
probably are conspecific: Dept. Quiche": Finca San Francisco, Cotzal,
alt. 1,110 meters, Skutch 1860; a tree of 12 meters, the trunk 37 cm.
in diameter, with rough, furrowed bark. Dept. San Marcos: Volcan
de Tajumulco, between Finca El Porvenir and Loma Corona, wooded
slopes, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, Steyermark 37742; a tree of 6 meters;
leaves subcoriaceous, rich grass-green above, silvery green beneath.

Prunus rhamnoides Koehne, Bot. Jahrb. 52: 283. 1915. The
type is Heyde & Lux 3090 from San Miguel Uspantan, Dept. Quiche",
Guatemala, at 2,000 meters. At present the species is known only
from Guatemala, but it may well extend into Chiapas, since in the
Occidente of Guatemala it approaches closely the Mexican border.
Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Cerro de Tecpam, region of
Santa Elena, dense Cupressus forest, alt. 2,700 meters, Standley
58711; a tree of 9-15 meters, with broad crown; common; flowers
white. Dept. Quiche": Nebaj-Aguacatan trail, in hedgerow, alt.
2,430 meters, Skutch 1915; a pollarded tree, the trunk 60 cm. in
diameter. Dept. San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, along the road
between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-19 miles northwest

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 337

of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters, Steyermark 35634; a tree of
12 meters; leaves subcoriaceous, rich green above, pale beneath;
fruit oblong-ovoid, dull reddish.

Primus Salasii Standl. Trop. Woods 32: 14. 1932. At the
time Prunus Salasii was published, little or nothing was known
about it, and there was available only a single specimen, collected in
cafetales of Finca El Pintado in the edge of Antigua, Dept. Saca-
tepquez, Guatemala, at an elevation of 1,500 meters, by Jorge
Garcia Salas, formerly of the Direccion de Agricultura of Guatemala.
The species is a very distinct one, and it was published with some
suspicion that it might have been introduced into Guatemala, al-
though its collector stated that it was believed to be a native of the
mountains of central Guatemala. Too often such statements about
cultivated trees of Central America prove erroneous, but in this
instance Sr. Salas was quite correct.

The tree is a large, tall one, and makes a handsome shade tree.
It grows rapidly, and for both these reasons, perhaps, it is planted
commonly in fincas and parks of the central departments. There
are numerous fine trees in Antigua, and some in the capital, and
doubtless in other parts of the uplands. It probably was Sr. Salas
who forwarded seeds of the tree known in Guatemala by the name
Carreto, which would suggest its wood was used in construction of
ox carts to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and that organiza-
tion seems to have distributed seeds rather widely. A couple of
years ago the senior author received from Australia a letter of in-
quiry, from a gentleman who stated that he had some of the trees,
and wished to know how long it would be before they were fruiting.
The fruits are disappointing, although, as might be suspected from
their exceptionally large stones, they are very large. When ripe,
they are dark red, but the flesh is scant and rather hard, and so
extremely bitter as to be altogether inedible. The following collec-
tions of the tree have been made lately in Guatemala: Dept. Guate-
mala: Garden of Don Mariano Pacheco, Guatemala, Standley 63116;
leaves from a seedling plant. Dept. Sacatepe'quez: Hills of Finca
Carmona, southeast of Antigua, alt. 1,600-1,800 meters, damp
forest, Standley 63738, 63669; a large or very large tree. Above Las
Calderas, damp barranco, alt. 1,800 meters, Standley 59967; a tree
of 9 meters. Antigua, planted in a finca, alt. 1,500 meters, Standley
59958; a tree about 9 meters high. Dept. Quezaltenango: Volcan
de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Las Mojadas,
alt. 1,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 33947; a tree of 9 meters. The

338 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

last collection is sterile, and may not be properly referable to P. Sa-
lasii, but the leaves seem quite characteristic of the species.

LEGUMINOSAE

Bauhinia sericella Standl. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 60.
1935. The only collection thus far known from British Honduras is
the type, Schipp 1197, from Jacinto Creek. Several recent collec-
tions indicate an extension of range into Guatemala: Dept. Izabal:
Near Puerto Barrios, in Manicaria swamp, Standley 73167; a small
vine; in wet thicket, a woody vine, Standley 73064. Wet forest near
Entre Rios, alt. 18 meters, Standley 72655; a small vine. Between
Bananera and La Presa in Montana del Mico, alt. 50-150 meters,
Steyermark 39186; local name Calzoncillo; leaves firmly membrana-
ceous, rich green above, gray beneath.

Caesalpinia exostemma DC. Prodr. 2: 483. 1825. The tree
ranges widely, northward to Oaxaca and southward along the Pacific
coast of Central America, but heretofore it has been reported as far
south only as Nicaragua, and it was not listed in the Flora of Costa
Rica. Recently, however, it has been collected on the Pacific coast
of Costa Rica: Boca de La Barranca, Puntarenas, March, 1940,
M. Quirds C. 937.

Cassia pentagonia Mill. Card. Diet. ed. 8. Cassia No. 18. 1768.
In North American Flora (23: 242. 1930) Britton and Rose cite
this name as a synonym of Emelista Tora (L.) Britt. & Rose, i.e.
Cassia Tora L. Somewhere something may have been published to
justify this reduction, but C. pentagonia was treated as a distinct
species by Bentham in Flora Brasiliensis (15, pt. 2: 114. pi. 34, f. II.
1870) and in his Revision of the genus Cassia (535. 1871). Bentham
in the two places cited reports the species from the State of Minas
Geraes, Brazil, and from "Central America," whence originally
described. The plant illustrated by Bentham in Flora Brasiliensis
is a very distinct species, in habit similar to C. Tora, but with an
altogether distinct fruit, noteworthy for its four narrow but con-
spicuous, longitudinal wings. The following collections of C. penta-
gonia have been made recently in Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala:
Estancia Grande, alt. 600 meters, dry thicket, an herb 60-90 cm.
high, the plants in fruit and all dried, December, 1938, Standley
59187. Near Fiscal, dry, rocky thicket, an herb of 60 cm., alt. 1,100
meters, December, 1938, Standley 59609. Dept. Chiquimula; Mar-
gin of lake at La Laguna, alt. 500 meters, October, 1939, Steyermark
30719; flowers yellow; local name Frijolillo bianco. The plants

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 339

? ound in the Department of Guatemala grew along roads, and
ooked as if they might have been introduced, but both the localities
ire somewhat remote ones, and it is more probable that the species
is a native of Guatemala and perhaps other parts of Central America,
but rare.

Crudia lacus Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor praeter flores
omnino glabra, ramulis fusco-ferrugineis teretibus, novellis viridibus
igracilibus; folia modica 4-foliolata, rhachi cum petiolo 3-4 cm.
Jongo gracili viridi, petiolulis ca. 3 mm. longis; foliola paullo inae-
iqualia, inferiora aliquanto minora subcoriacea, plerumque lanceo-
lato-oblonga interdum ovato-oblonga 5-9.5 cm. longa 2-3.8 cm.
lata, apicem acutum vel subacuminatum versus angustata, apice
ipso obtusissimo, basi paullo inaequalia obtusa vel subrotundata
ima basi abrupte contracta et brevissime decurrentia, supra in sicco
iviridia sublucida, costa anguste subimpressa, nervis venisque pro-
minulis arete reticulatis, subtus pallidiora et lutescentia vel brun-
nescentia, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus tenerrimis
brevibus angulo lato abeuntibus fere rectis remote a margine junctis,
venis prominulis arete reticulatis; racemi terminales solitarii sat
dense multiflori breviter pedunculati, parte florifera 5-6 cm. longa,
bracteis minutis, pedicellis rectangule patulis gracilibus viridibus
rectis 3-4 mm. longis; sepala cito decidua rotundo-ovata apice
obtusa vel rotundata extus sparse pilis laxis subadpressis pilosa,
parte persistente basali calycis fere 2 mm. lata; ovarium brevissime
stipitatum dense pilosulo-tomentosum oblongo-ovoideum, stylo
glabro 5 mm. longo. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Shores of Lake
Izabal, on side opposite San Felipe, between Punta Dos Reales and
Punta de Lechuga, near sea level, April 17, 1940, Julian A. Steyer-
mark 39611 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From Central America there have been described only two
species of the genus, Crudia acuminata Benth. of the Pacific coast
of Nicaragua, and C. Choussyana Standl. of Salvador. It would
naturally be expected that a tree from the Atlantic coast would
prove to be a different species, and such seems to be the case, in
spite of the scant data available regarding the described species.
C. Choussyana differs from C. lacus in having leaves with 6-8 leaflets.
In C. acuminata, as described, the leaflets are 6 or fewer and nar-
rowly acuminate, and the racemes are described as 15 cm. long.
While collection of further material of the genus may show that
only a single species occurs in Central America, it is more likely
that all three species will prove to be valid.

340 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF DUSSIA

The genus Dussia Krug & Urban was described in 1892 and
based upon a single species, D. martinicensis, of Martinique. Since
that time the group has grown slowly, until 10 species are listed
for it, their range extending from southern Mexico to Haiti, Mar-
tinique, French Guiana, the Amazon Valley of Brazil, and eastern
Peru. All the species that we have seen and that includes all the
published ones except D. sanguinea Urban & Ekman of Haiti and
D. Lehmannii Harms of Colombia are much alike in general appear-
ance, so much so that if all had been collected in one limited area,
probably no one would give them a second glance, or suspect that
more than a single slightly variable species was represented. As it
is, the species have been established on very slight supposed differ-
ences, and it seems likely that when ample material has been assem-
bled in one place for study, at least some will have to be reduced to
synonymy. Amshoff, for instance (Medd. Bot. Mus. Utrecht 52:
50. 1939), has reduced two species described by Harms and Ducke
to the synonymy of Dussia discolor (Benth.) Amsh.

The specimens of Dussia that have accumulated from North
America are rather numerous, but few of them are in good condition
for comparison. The best and perhaps the only characters for
separating the species are found in the flowers, and of the 23 sheets
at hand, only seven bear good flowers. It may be stated that all
the South American material consulted seems to be specifically dis-
tinct from the North American, but it is probable that other South
American species, such as the Peruvian D. Tessmannii Harms, will
fall into synonymy. The species now known from North America,
of which we have seen material, two of them of rather doubtful
systematic standing, are the following:

Dussia martinicensis Krug & Urban in Engl. & Prantl, Pflan-
zenfam. 3, Abt. 3: 193. 1892. Known only from Martinique, where
it was collected by Duss.

Dussia mexicana (Standl.) Harms, Repert. Sp. Nov. 19: 294.
1924. Ormosia mexicana Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 436.
1922. The following specimens, all from Mexico, are at hand:
Zacuapam, Veracruz, in 1913, Purpus 6326, type collection. On
hillsides and in cafetal, Mirador, Veracruz, only about four trees
found, March, 1935, Purpus 16459. Mirador, April, 1842, Liebmann
5355 (detached leaflets). When Ormosia mexicana was published,
attention was called to its similarity to Dussia martinicensis. This
similarity is so great that the two scarcely would have been sepa-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 341

ated except upon geographic grounds. Harms, in transferring
Ormosia mexicana to Dussia, states that it differs from D. martini-
'Censis in its smaller and narrower bracts and small bractlets. No
(difference is apparent in the bractlets, but the bracts of D. mexicana
;are slightly shorter and narrower than those of the Martinique plant.
It is suspected that a future monographer of the group, with ampler
; material for comparison, will find some difficulty in keying apart
the two supposed species.

Dussia cuscatlanica (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm., comb. nov.
Cashalia cuscatlanica Standl. Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 441. 1923.
Dussia grandifrons I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 118. 1938.
Of this tree the following material has been examined, that from
the United States National Herbarium having been lent for study
through the courtesy of the Curator, Dr. William R. Maxon: Guate-
mala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Colomba, in coffee plantation with
original forest shade, alt. 870 meters, December, 1934, in flower,
Skutch 2027, type collection of D. grandifrons; a tree of 30 meters
with open, spreading crown and smooth, gray bark; flowers pale
pink with a greenish streak along center of the standard. Rich,
forested slopes along Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos,
lower, south slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters,
Steyermark 33329; local name Palo de tigre; a tree of 7.5 meters.
Lower slopes, high barranco along Rio Samala, between Santa
Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt. 1,200 meters, Steyermark 33862;
a sapling 3 meters tall; leaves firmly membranaceous, rich green
above, pale green beneath. Dept. San Marcos: Wet thicket, Rio
Ixpal, below Rodeo, alt. 750 meters, Standley 68736; a sterile shrub.
Middle portion of slopes along barranco, above Finca El Porvenir,
lower, south slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters,
Steyermark 37214; local name Soycol de monte; a tree of 9 meters,
sterile; leaves all at the ends of the branches, which are bare below.
Dept. Suchitepe*quez: Top of ridge slope, southwestern, lower
slopes of Volcan de Zunil, near Finca Montecristo, southeast of
Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, Steyermark 35244; a
sterile shrub. Salvador: Common in forest, Sierra de Apaneca, in
the region of Finca Colima, Dept. Ahuachapan, January, 1922,
Standley 20197; type of Cashalia cuscatlanica; local name Cashal; a
large, deciduous tree, furnishing valuable wood. Colina de Santa
Tecla, in 1924, Calderdn 2070; local name Cashal; in 1923, Calderdn
1752; a very large tree. Comasagua, December, 1922, Calderdn 1379;
a tree as large as Sterculia apetala. Costa Rica: In forest, La

342 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

Palma de San Ramon, alt. 1,275 meters, November, 1925, Alberto
Brenes 4627 (sterile, but probably referable here).

The genus Cashalia was based upon a single species, C. cuscat-
lanica, and later a second species, C. panamensis, was described.
When published, Cashalia was compared with Tounatea, i.e. Swartzia,
to which in fact it is not closely related. The type material was in
poor condition for study, consisting of foliage with fallen, old flowers.
It seems to be somewhat characteristic of Dussia that the standard
persists as the flowers wither, while the other petals fall, and on this
account the flower of Cashalia was described falsely as possessing
a single petal. Comparison of the type material with the excellent
specimens of Dussia grandifrons made by Dr. Skutch leaves no
doubt that the two names pertain to the same tree, for which the
name Dussia cuscatlanica must be adopted. The genus Cashalia
was accepted by Britton and Rose in their treatment of the Caesal-
piniaceae in North American Flora (23: 348. 1930).

Dussia macroprophyllata (Donn. Smith) Harms, Repert. Sp.
Nov. 24: 212. 1928. Diplotropis macroprophyllata Donn. Smith,
Bot. Gaz. 56: 56. 1913. Cashalia panamensis Standl. Field Mus.
Bot. 4:212. 1929. The following material has been studied: Costa
Rica: Forests of Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, alt. 635 meters, January,
1899, Tonduz 12949, type, in U. S. Nat. Herb.; a large tree with
rounded crown. Panama: Holstein Farm, region of Almirante, Prov.
Bccas del Toro, in 1928, G. Proctor Cooper 520; type of Cashalia
panamensis; local name Citron; a tree 18 meters tall, the trunk 37
cm. in diameter, growing against the trunk of a huge guayacan;
fruits red; bark has a red sap and is used as a purge; red skin of the
fruit used as a febrifuge and sold in the local drug stores. It is not
quite certain that Cashalia panamensis is synonymous with Dussia
macroprophyllata, there being slight differences in pubescence of the
leaves, but the general appearance of the specimens is so similar
that we have little hesitation in making the present disposition of
the Panama tree. The species is quite distinct from D. cuscatlanica,
particularly in its large and broad leaflets, rounded or very obtuse
at the apex, thick and somewhat rugose; and the inflorescences and
flowers of the two species are very different.

Galactia minarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba graci-
lis, caulibus teretibus dense pilis patulis albidis pilosis, internodiis
elongatis; folia majuscula petiolata trifoliolata membranacea, petiolo
gracili 2-3.5 cm. longo dense breviterque piloso, stipellis subulatis
brunneis 1 mm. longis, petiolulis crassiusculis ca. 3 mm. longis,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 343

tiolulo terminali cum rhachi 6-10 mm. longo; foliola lanceolato-
oblonga subaequalia, terminali paullo longiore, 4.5-9 cm. longa
j 1.7-3. 5 cm. lata, acuminata vel longiacuminata, subulato-mucronata,
basin versus paullo angustata, basi ipsa obtusa vel anguste rotun-
data, supra in sicco olivacea minute pallido-puncticulata praesertim
ad costam nervosque breviter pilosa, glabrescentia, subtus pallidiora
ubique dense pilis cinereis patulis vel subadpressis pilosa, costa
tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 9 subarcu-
atis obliquis angulo semirecto vel paullo latiore adscendentibus;
racemi axillares simplices laxe multi- vel pauciflori 4.5 cm. longi vel
breviores breviter pedunculati, rhachi densissime albido-pilosa,
bracteis bracteolisque subulatis dense patulo-pilosis, pedicellis dense
pilosis usque 3 mm. longis; calyx extus fere ubique dense albido-
pilosus, lobis superioribus lineari-lanceolatis 6-7 mm. longis longiat-
tenuatis, infimo paullo angustiore ca. 8 mm. longo; petala roseo-
purpurea glabra, vexillo obovato apice rotundato et ciliato, ca. 12
mm. longo et 6 mm. lato; legumen juvenile late lineare ca. 1.5 cm.
longum et 2.3 mm. latum dense patulo-pilosum acuminatum sessile,
stylo glabro gracillimo 8 mm. longo. Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa,
steep, rocky slopes in pine forest, Sierra de las Minas, along trail
between Rio Hondo and summit of mountain at Finca Alejandria,
alt. 1,000-1,500 meters, October 11, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark
29640 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Flowers rose-purple. Distinguishing characters of the plant are
the long-acuminate, densely and softly pubescent leaflets, and the
short, solitary racemes of rather large and showy flowers.

Pithecolobium Zollerianum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Arbor 15-metralis, ramulis crassis subteretibus vel obtuse angu-
latis densissime pilis brevibus patulis brunneis obtectis et fere tomen-
tulosis; stipulae parvae lineari-subulatae caducae; folia magna bipin-
nata 30-40 cm. longa breviter petiolata, petiolo crasso tereti dense
fulvo-pilosulo paullo infra pinnas infimas glandule parvo subde-
presso onusto, rhachi 16-22 cm. longa infra nodos singulos glandule
parvo onusta; pinnae plerumque 8-13-jugae 6-16 cm. longae brevis-
sime petiolatae, rhachi eglandulosa; foliola plerumque 8-18-juga
membranacea sessilia oblonga 15-20 mm. longa 5-7 mm. lata, apice
rotundata vel obtusissima, basi valde obliqua, latere exteriore angus-
tata, interiore oblique truncata, supra laete viridia lucida tantum
ad costam puberula, nervis venisque prominulis, subtus pallidiora
flavescentia glabra, vel primo sparse adpresso-pilosula, costa pro-
minula subcentrica, nervis prominulis; pedunculi axillares geminati

344 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

simplices 8-12.5 cm. longi nudi dense minute pilosuli; flores umbel-
lati, umbellis capituliformibus dense multifloris, bracteis minutis vel
obsoletis, pedicellis crassiusculis vix ultra 2 mm. longis minute
sparseque puberulis; calyx anguste campanulatus 2.5 mm. longus
sparse minutissime puberulus vel fere glaber, pallide viridis, dentibus
remotis brevissimis triangularibus; corolla 6-7 mm. longa sparse
minute puberula vel fere glabra profunde dentata, dentibus ovato-
oblongis acutis erectis; stamina numerosa, filamentis viridi-albis
2.5 cm. longis vel ultra; legumen solemniter curvatum semicirculare
vel circulare, valde compressum glabrum, valvis sublignosis sed
tenuibus inter semina subconstrictis 1.5 cm. latis vel paullo ultra
extus brunnescentibus; semina ut videtur exarillata compressa dis-
ciformia ovali-orbicularia brunnescenti-ochracea 8 mm. longa 7 mm.
lata lucida laevia. Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Above Finca
El Porvenir, up Loma Bandera Shac, lower south-facing slopes of
Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, March 9, 1940, Julian
A. Steyermark 37440 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Dept. Quezal-
tenango: Damp forest, Finca Pireneos, below Santa Maria de Jesus,
alt. 1,350 meters, March, 1939, Standley 68428 (sterile). Along
Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, on
slopes covered by tree ferns, Steyermark 33295; local name Plumillo.

A large tree; leaves rich, dark green above, paler grass-green
beneath. In the treatment of the tribe Ingeae by Britton and Rose
in North American Flora the key to their Pithecolobium segregates is
vague and most unsatisfactory, and it is difficult to decide into which
of their segregate genera the present species would fall. It seems to
run in the key to their genus Painteria, but with that group of
Mexican species it has no close relationship. The general appearance
of P. Zollerianum suggests most the genus Albizzia, but in that the
valves of the fruit are relatively very thin, and the Guatemalan tree
can not be referred there. The species is named for Mr. Erich
Zoller of Finca El Porvenir, who greatly facilitated the junior author's
explorations of the Volcan de Tajumulco.

ERYTHROXYLACEAE

Erythroxylon Skutchii Standl., sp. nov. Frutex gracilis 5-
metralis glaber, ramulis crassiusculis ochraceis striatis, internodiis
brevibus; stipulae deciduae insigniter elongatae usque 7 cm. longae
lineares erectae brunneae striato-nerviae, longitudine valde vari-
abiles, aliae 2.5 cm. tantum longae, apice filiformi-protractae; folia
magna breviter petiolata firme coriacea, petiolo crasso 1.5-2 cm.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 345

ilongo supra canaliculate; lamina lanceolato-oblonga vel anguste
jelliptico-oblonga 16-23 cm. longa 6-8 cm. lata acuta vel acuminata,
basi acuta, supra in sicco fusca, costa nervisque subimpressis, venis
non elevatis, subtus multo pallidior, costa crassiuscula prominente,
inervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 11 irregularibus valde promi-
'nentibus subarcuatis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, remote a
margine irregulare conjunctis, venis valde elevatis laxe areolato-
reticulatis; flores axillares vel ad nodos defoliates fasciculati dense
congesti numerosi, pedicellis crassis angulatis 3-7 mm. longis inae-
qualibus, bracteis glumiformibus ovatis vel lanceolatis longiacu-
minatis 5-6 mm. longis striatis persistentibus; sepala ca. 4 mm.
longa ovata acuminata. Costa Rica: In forest, basin of El General,
Prov. San Jose, alt. 1,000 meters, March, 1940, Alexander F. Skutch
4847 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

From other large-leaved Erythroxylon species of Central America,
the Costa Rican plant is distinguishable at once by the coarse and
very prominent venation of the lower leaf surface.

TRIGONIACEAE

Trigonia floribunda Oerst. Vid. Medd. 1856: 38. 1856. As
at present understood, the species is a variable one, but chiefly in
the quality and amount of pubescence. Since the pubescence varies
greatly upon the same plant, the leaves being densely floccose-
tomentose or glabrate sometimes upon the same branch, it is evident
that pubescence alone can not be utilized in separating North Ameri-
can species, and it is probable that after all, the Central American
plants must all be referred to a single species, with one possible
exception. In North American Flora (25: 298. 1924) T. floribunda
is reported as occurring from Salvador to Panama, but recent collec-
tions have extended its known range to Guatemala and Chiapas:
Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepquez : Damp thicket along Rio Madre
Vieja, above Patulul, alt. 450 meters, Standley 62202; a woody vine,
sterile. Dept. Chiquimula: Rocky outcrops along gorge of Rio
Chiquimula, between Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north
of Chiquimula, alt. 350-420 meters, Steyermark 30244; shrubby, with
twining tips. Grassy slope of Mount Tojas, near village of Sasmo,
about one mile northwest of Chiquimula, alt. 420-520 meters,
Steyermark 30199; leaves dark green above, white beneath. Mexico:
Mt. Madre Vieja, Chiapas, alt. 1,000 meters, Matuda25l7.

Trigonia panamensis Standl., sp. nov. Ramuli graciles sub-
teretes brunnei rimosi puberuli, internodiis brevibus; folia modica

346 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

petiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 11-15 mm. longo dense in-
curvo-puberulo; lamina oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 8.5-11 cm.
longa 3-4 cm. lata acuta vel subacuminata, apice ipso acuto, basi
obtusa vel subacuta, supra fere glabra sed ad costam nervosque pilis
paucis brevibus subadpressis conspersa, venis prominulis arete reticu-
latis, subtus pallidior primo araneoso-tomentosa sed cito glabrata,
costa tenera elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 teneris
prominentibus arcuatis angulo latiusculo adscendentibus, venis
prominentibus arete reticulatis; panicula terminalis magna sessilis
pyramidalis laxe ramosa ca. 24 cm. longa et aequilata simpliciter
pinnata, ramis gracilibus patentibus dense puberulis, floribus in
cymulas parvas paucifloras dispositis, cymulis racemosis breviter
vel longius pedunculatis, pedunculis usque 6 mm. longis rectangule
patulis, bracteis persistentibus lanceolato-ovatis sparse minuteque
puberulis vix ad 2 mm. longis, pedicellis plerumque 2-3 mm. longis;
sepala ca. 3 mm. longa extus dense minute griseo-tomentella intus
glabra paullo inaequalia lanceolato-oblonga obtusa vel subacuta;
ovarium dense pilosum. Panama: Barro Colorado Island, Fairchild
Point, Canal Zone, July 14, 1934, Silvestre Aviles 961 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.). Barro Colorado Island, in 1929, S. W. Frost 175 (sterile,
but doubtless referable here).

Trigonia floribunda Oerst., the common species of Central Amer-
ica, with which this Panama species has been confused heretofore,
differs in its condensed inflorescence of decidedly different appear-
ance, with sessile or subsessile cymules and very shortly pedicellate
flowers.

EUPHORBIACEAE

Phyllanthus Skutchii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 25-metralis
fere omnino glabra, ramulis gracilibus teretibus ochraceo-brunnes-
centibus substriatis glabris, internodiis plerumque 1-2 cm. longis;
stipulae subpersistentes anguste triangulares rigidae acutae vel sub-
acuminatae 1.5 mm. longae erectae; folia modica breviter petiolata
firme membranacea alterna, petiolo crassiusculo ca. 4 mm. longo
glabro; lamina lanceolato-oblonga usque ovato-oblonga vel ovata
6-9.5 cm. longa 2.5-3.5 cm. lata sensim vel subabrupte acuminata
vel longiacuminata, acumine angusto sensim attenuate saepe sub-
falcato, basi obtusa, supra in sicco viridescens sublucida, costa sub-
impressa, nervis venisque prominulis, glabra, subtus pallidior saltern
in statu adulto fere omnino glabra sed ad nervos prope basin laminae
pilis paucis brevissimis conspersa, costa tenera prominente, nervis
lateralibus utroque latere ca. 7 tenerrimis prominentibus arcuatis

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 347

angulo lato adscendentibus juxta marginem arcuato-junctis, venulis
prominentibus arete reticulatis; flores monoeci in axillis dense fasci-
culati, masculi numerosi, feminei pauci vel in quaque axilla uno,
masculi sessiles vel breviter pedicellati, pedicellis florum femineorum
filiformibus magis elongatis in statu fructifero 5-6 mm. longis glabris;
sepala floris masculi late ovalia apice obtusa vel rotundata glabra
paullo inaequalia vix ad 1 mm. longa, flore ca. 1.2 mm. lato; sepala
floris feminei 6 glabra in statu fructifero ca. 3 mm. longa anguste
oblonga usque spathulato-obovata obtusa viridia uninervia; capsula
subglobosa ca. 8 mm. alta et 9 mm. lata sessilis basi rotundata, apice
subumbonata, glabra, fere teres. Costa Rica: Vicinity of El General,
Prov. San Jose", alt. 670 meters, June, 1939, Alexander F. Skutch 4325
(type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; flowers white.

In general characters and appearance the species has no close
resemblance to any other known from Central America. It is
especially remarkable for the large size of the plant, trees being rare
in the genus, particularly ones attaining a height of 25 meters.

Sebastiania longicuspis Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 134. 1932.
The tree has been reported from various localities in British Hon-
duras, whence the species was described, as well as from Petn and
Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Two recent collections from Guatemala
are worthy of record: Dept. Izabal; Bank of Rio Dulce, C. L. Wilson
408; a low tree. Bay of Santo Tomas, between Escoba and Santo
Tomas, at sea level, Steyermark 39234; a tree; leaves subcoriaceous,
dark green above, pale green beneath; flowers greenish.

GELASTRACEAE

Euonymus acuminatus Benth. PI. Hartw. 59. 1840. Plants
of the genus Euonymus seem to be very rare in Mexico and Central
America, or else they have escaped collectors, for but few specimens
accumulate in herbaria. E. acuminatus was described from Llano
Verde, Mexico, and appears to be represented by the following Guate-
malan collections: Chichavac, Dept. Chimaltenango, October, 1933,
Skutch 627; a rare shrub in deep, shady ravine, below 2,700 meters;
aril red. Dept. Guatemala, in 1940, Ignacio Aguilar 434.

SAPINDACEAE

Serjania pterarthra Standl. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461:
70. 1935. Described from Tuxpena, Campeche, Mexico, and re-
ported also from Little Fall, Belize River, British Honduras. Two
other collections may be recorded for this unusually well marked

348 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

species: Guatemala: El Paso, Pete*n, a frequent v'me,Lundell 1531.
Mexico: Mercedes, Balancan, Tabasco, Matuda 3017.

TILIACEAE

Mortoniodendron guatemalense Standl. & Steyerm. Bot. Ser.
Field Mus. 22: 157. 1940. This species was originally described from
flowering material only. Recent collections made in Guatemala
(Steyermark 39395 and 39414) in the fruiting stage of the plant show
that the fruit is 3-celled, obtusely angled, dull green, apiculate,
loculicidally dehiscent, 2-2.2 cm. long, 1.5-1.8 cm. broad, the exo-
carp dull green, the endocarp creamy buff, 1 mm. in thickness, the
locules each 2-seeded, the seeds not completely filling the locule,
loosely covered by a fleshy, deep orange aril attached to the hilum
and raphe, ovoid, plano-convex, slightly umbonate and rounded at
one end, pointed at the other, 7-8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. broad in the
widest portion, the testa brown, thinly crustaceous, glabrous, smooth,
the endosperm copious, completely filling the seed, cream-colored.
The fruit is much smaller than that of Mortoniodendron anisophyllum
(Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm. Additional collections of Mortonioden-
dron guatemalense from Guatemala are as follows: Dept. Izabal:
Rio Dulce, between Livingston and 6 miles up river, on north side
(right-hand side going up river), at sea level, April 14, 1940, Steyer-
mark 39414; same locality and date, Steyermark 39395 and 39386a; a
tree 6 meters tall. In wet forest, Escoba, across the bay (west) from
Puerto Barrios, near sea level, May 3, 1939, Standley 72874.

GOCHLOSPERMACEAE

Amoreuxia palmatifida Sesse* & Moc. ex DC. Prodr. 2: 638.
1825. The plant has a wide but somewhat erratic range, extending
in Mexico from Sonora southeastward to Yucatan, although there
are many intervening areas, of course, in which it does not grow.
Its occurrence in Yucatan, near Izamal, is scarcely to be expected,
but it is perhaps less remarkable in view of the fact that the plant
has been collected recently in the dry Motagua Valley of Guatemala,
this being its first record for Central America: Dept. Zacapa, desert
near Estanzuela, alt. 200 meters, in flower and fruit, October 5, 1939,
Steyermark 29094; flowers orange. It is to be noted that De Candolle
in describing the genus Amoreuxia (loc. cit.) gave no author for
either the genus or species, merely citing "fl. mex. ic. ined.," which
would be presumed to be that of Sess and Mocino. A photograph
of the plate of these authors, upon which the descriptions of genus
and species were based, is in the Herbarium of Field Museum.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 349

VIOLACEAE

Rinorea Blakeana Standl., sp. nov. Frutex 2-3-metralis,
iramis gracilibus teretibus ochraceis longitrorsum rugosis vel rimosis
glabris, internodiis plerumque brevibus; folia alterna modica breviter
[petiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili glabro usque 5 mm. longo;
lamina anguste lanceolato-oblongo 7-11 cm. longa 2-3 cm. lata
longissime et angustissime caudato-acuminata, acumine longo ipso
obtuso, basi obtusa, utrinque glabra, supra in sicco intense viridis,
costa nervisque prominulis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis, subtus
pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere
ca. 8-9 prominentibus angulo lato adscendentibus subarcuatis,
venulis prominulis laxe reticulatis, margine integro vel obscure un-
dulato; inflorescentiae parvae pauciflorae axillares, pedunculis vix
ultra 3 mm. longis, floribus ad apicem fasciculato-umbellatis, vulgo
ca. 3, pedicellis ca. 4 mm. longis minute puberulis; sepala inaequalia
orbicularia usque rotundo-ovata 1.2-1.8 mm. longa apice rotundata
dorso fere glabra ciliolata; corolla in alabastro ovoidea acutiuscula
glabra, petalis ca. 5 mm. longis apice breviter recurvis. Panama:
Cana-Cuasi trail, Camp 2, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie"n, 600
meters, March 12, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1513 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.).

The only other Central American species with alternate leaves
is Rinorea crenata Blake, of Talamanca, Costa Rica. That has a
paniculate inflorescence and much broader leaves that are minutely
hirtellous beneath along the costa. The species is named for Dr. S. F.
Blake, monographer of the American species of the genus.

FLACOURTIACEAE

Olmediella Betschleriana (Goepp.) Loes. Notizbl. Bot. Gart.
Berlin 4: 181. 1906. Ilex Betschleriana Goepp. Del. Sem. Vratisb.
1852; Linnaea 26: 745. 1853-54. Olmediella ilicifolia Baill. Bull.
Soc. Linn. Par. 1: 253. 1880. 0. Cesatiana Baill. loc. cit. Licopolia
sincephala Rippa, Bull. Orto Bot. Napoli 2: 74. 1904. The tree to
which this name applies has had a most varied history. It has been
in cultivation in Europe, particularly in Italy, for more than 80
years, having been introduced doubtless on account of its holly-like
foliage. There, apparently, it seldom flowers or fruits, and with only
the foliage available, botanists who saw the plants had great difficulty
in determining their proper relationship, and referred them to such
genera as Quercus and Sapium, or most often to Ilex, because of the
spiny-dentate leaves. The name Olmediella was given the genus

350 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

because it was believed to belong to the family Moraceae. The early
history was brought together by Loesener (loc. cit.), who gave a
most satisfactory account also of the true relationship of the genus.
It, strangely enough, is apparently most closely related to the African
genus Doryalis of the Flacourtiaceae.

The source of the European plants remained unknown for many
years, and it was not until 1932 that the senior author was able to
report definitely (Trop. Woods 32: 17) that Olmediella was a native
of the Guatemalan mountains. Its nativity there is now well
established, and the tree has been found to grow also in Honduras
and the State of Chiapas, Mexico. All the specimens now available
to the writers are cited below.

Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala: La Cienaguilla, San Jos Pinula,
alt. 1,600 meters, in 1932, J. G. Salas. Amatitlan, alt. 1,100 meters,
January, 1928, Morales Ruano 830. Guatemala City, cultivated,
June, 1932, Salas. Volcan de Pacaya, damp forest, alt. 1,800-
2,400 meters, Standley 58477; a large tree, common; local names
Manzana and Manzanote; fruit green. Dept. Jalapa: Cloud forest
on top of ridge, between Miramundo and summit of Montana Mira-
mundo, alt. 2,500 meters, Steyermark 32688; local name Manzanote;
a tree of 11 meters; leaves coriaceous, dark, dull green above, paler
beneath. Dept. Sacatepe*quez: Parque Central de Antigua, October,
1929, Salas 1385. Damp forest, hills of Finca Carmona, southeast
of Antigua, alt. 1,600-1,800 meters, Standley 63672; a large or small
tree in damp forest, common. Dept. Chimaltenango: Slopes of
Volcan de Acatenango, above Las Calderas, in dense, wet Chiran-
thodendron forest, alt. 2,400-2,700 meters, Standley 61968; a small
tree. Dept. Quezaltenango: Western slopes of Volcan de Zunil,
opposite Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,500 meters, Steyermark 35093;
a shrub. Dept. San Marcos: Wet forest, Barranco Eminencia,
above San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Standley
68685; a small tree with very lustrous leaves. Top of dry barranco
slopes, between town of Tajumulco and Tecutla, northwestern
slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800-2,500 meters, Steyermark
36846; a tree of 12 meters. Mexico: Pinada, Siltepec, Chiapas,
Matuda 1988. Honduras: Dept. Tegucigalpa: Montana de la Flor,
alt. 1,440 meters, in pine and oak region, Christine & Wolfgang von
Hagen 1247; a spreading tree of 9 meters; local name Cumbo de
cerro. Dept. Siguatepeque: Ravine at El Achote, above the plains
of Siguatepeque, alt. 1,350 meters, Yuncker, Dawson & Youse 6227;
a tree of 3.5 meters. Thickets west of El Achote, No. 6200 of the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 351

same collectors. Siguatepeque, alt. 1,110 meters, open, mountain
forest, J. B. Edwards P492; a tree of 15 meters. Cultivated in
Europe: Cult, in hort. Neapolitano, May, 1905, Delpino & Rippa
(received from Dr. Loesener).

It should be mentioned that the first material that permitted
definite reference of the tree to its native region was that forwarded
by Sr. Jorge Garcia Salas, then of the Direccion de Agricultura of
Guatemala. To a Guatemalan so many words about the Manzanote
tree, as it is commonly known, would seem rather amusing, for
Manzanote is one of the commonest street and park trees of Antigua
and Guatemala, and few residents of those cities pass the day with-
out seeing a few or many of the trees. They grow luxuriantly in the
Parque Central of Antigua, in front of the old Palace of the Viceroys
of Guatemala, as well as in many of the parks of Guatemala and
other upland cities. In the capital there are many handsome
! avenues of the trees, the finest being that along the Paseo de la
Reforma, principal boulevard of Guatemala.

The tree is a particularly effective one for street and park plant-
' ing, and would be desirable for any cool but not too cold region in
which it would grow. It is probable that it would thrive, for instance,
about San Francisco, California. Even from a considerable distance
the cultivated trees are easy to recognize because of their low,
rounded crowns of remarkably dense, dark green foliage, which
reminds one strongly because of both its color and the stiff, spiny-
margined leaves, of the Christmas hollies. Part of the denseness of
the crowns may result from pruning or clipping, but this is not cer-
tain. In the dense, moist forests where the trees grow naturally,
they are quite different, with tall trunks and rather open, irregularly
branched crowns, but that, of course, is the natural effect of deep
shade. The leaves are decidedly variable in the species, most of
them being deeply sinuate-dentate, each tooth tipped with a stout,
sharp spine, but on the ultimate branches of mature trees the
leaves often are quite entire.

TURNERACEAE
NOTES ON THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF ERBLICHIA

Erblichia odorata Seem. (Bot. Voy. Herald 130. pi 27. 1854),
originally described from "Paredez Islands, coast of southern Vera-
guas," Panama, has been a catch-all for the Mexican and Central
American specimens of the genus that have gradually accumulated
in American herbaria. As a result of our study of material of this

352 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

genus preserved in the Herbarium of Field Museum and that in
the United States National Herbarium, lent through the courtesy
of its curator, Dr. William R. Maxon, it has been found that the
species described asE". odorata Seem, is a rare and local one restricted
to Panama and Costa Rica, while the more commonly collected and
more widely ranging plants of Mexico south to Honduras may be
referred to two other species and one variety, namely, E. Standleyi
Steyermark, and E. xylocarpa (Sprague & Riley) Standl. & Steyerm.
and E. xylocarpa var. mollis Standl. & Steyerm.

All the American representatives of the genus Erblichia are forest
trees of great size with strikingly beautiful, large flowers. Indeed,
they easily rank among the showiest trees found in the Mexican and
Central American tropics. When E. odorata was first published
the flowers were described by Seemann as yellow, "flavis." Subse-
quently, the plants from Costa Rica, which belong to the same
species, have been noted by collectors, including Standley, also as
"bright yellow," and Standley in the Flora of Costa Rica records the
color of the petals of this species as "yellow." Collectors who have
noted the color of the flowers of Erblichia in other parts of Central
America and Mexico have described the color as orange or reddish
orange. The junior author has seen the trees in several parts of
Guatemala, where in all instances the petals were of a brilliant flame-
color of bright, deep orange, reddish orange, or reddish salmon;
never was there any suggestion in these trees of yellow, such as has
been recorded for the true E. odorata of Panama and Costa Rica.

The various entities which the present study has revealed may
be keyed as follows:

Ovary glabrous; young branches from the beginning entirely glabrous.

E. Standleyi.

Ovary velutinous; young branches from the beginning velutinous.
Lower leaf surface loosely and densely velutinous.

2a. E. xylocarpa var. mollis.

Lower leaf surface glabrous or sparsely appressed-pubescent with
scattered hairs.

Petals yellow; style spreading-villous at the base; plants of
Panama and Costa Rica E. odorata.

Petals red-orange; style glabrous at the base; plants of Hon-
duras north to southern Mexico . . 2. E. xylocarpa var. typica.

Erblichia odorata Seem. Bot. Voy. Herald 130. pi. 27. 1854;
Standley, Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 18: 726. 1937. Piriqueta odorata

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 353

Irban, Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 80. 1883. In addition to the

riginal collection cited by Seemann, "on the outskirts of woods,

'aredez Islands, coast of southern Veraguas," Panama, the following

/osta Rican collections are at hand: Guanacaste, scarce, dry forest,

tree of 17 meters with narrow, thin crown, flowers bright yellow,

vicinity of Tilaran, alt. 500-650 meters, January, 1926, Standley &

falerio 45718; a tree 7.5 meters tall, with small, narrow crown,

etals bright yellow, sepals green; January, 1926 Standley 46347.

iMnca Colombia, San Ramon, February, 1940, Manuel Quirds C.

27; a small tree with golden yellow flowers.

Erblichia xylocarpa (Sprague & Riley) Standl. & Steyerm.,
:omb. nov. Piriqueta xylocarpa Sprague & Riley, Kew Bull. 1923:
1173. 1923. Erblichia odorata ace. to Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.
23: 847. 1923, as to reference of plants of Mexican distribution, not
is to description. This is the more commonly collected and widely
listributed plant that has passed as E. odorata Seem. In view of
:he fact that Piriqueta xylocarpa was originally described from a
iruiting specimen collected in British Honduras (Campbell 33), and
since flowering material of the species has subsequently accumulated,
t seems advisable to append a description of the flowers, which
iieretofore has not been published.

Sepals lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 5-6.5 cm. long, 0.6-1 cm.
broad, long-acuminate or caudate, some of them yellow-green on
the outside, others pale green with a broad, green midrib or central
portion and salmon or pale orange margins, appressed-puberulous
on the outside mainly down the middle and at the base of the lobes;
petals bright orange, tango-orange, or orange-salmon, cuneate-rhom-
bic-obovate, cuspidate or abruptly caudate at the apex, conspicu-
ously narrowed in the lower third, 6-8 cm. long, 3.5-4.5 cm. broad
in the upper or broader half, finely canescent-puberulent at the
extreme base, within for 9 mm. upward, without for 5-6 mm. upward;
filaments dilated in the lower half, orange or orange-salmon, 4.5 cm.
long, 2 mm. broad in the lower half, densely villosulous in the lower
half, glabrous in the upper half; anthers versatile, linear-oblong,
ochraceous, 4-6 mm. long, 1-1.3 mm. broad, appendiculate at the
tip with a process 0.7 mm. long; stigma capitate, fimbriate; styles
orange or orange-salmon, 4.5-5 cm. long, entirely glabrous or with
a few sparse, appressed hairs at the very base; ovary usually densely
velutinous with short, ascending, stiff, yellow-brown hairs.

The following specimens have been examined: Mexico: Nayarit:
"Suelda con suelda," Cerro de la Gloria, alt. 400 meters, in 1923,

354 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

J. G. Ortega 47. Guatemala: Dept. Pete"n: San Diego, Rio Pasion,
April, 1935, Mercedes Aguilar 500. Dept. Alta Verapaz: "Canop,"
a tree 22 meters tall, forested hillsides, Chamd, alt. 900 meters,
March, 1920, Harry Johnson 1861. "Conop," Rio Canguinic, alt.
320 meters, March, 1902, Tuerckheim 8182. Dept. Izabal: "Cande-
laria," a tree of 18-21 meters, leaves firmly membranaceous, dark,
rich green above, paler grass-green beneath, low forest slopes,
between Bananera and La Presa, in Montana del Mico, alt. 40-300
meters, March, 1940, Steyermark 38294. British Honduras: Camp
32, British Honduras-Guatemala Boundary, a forest tree 18 meters
tall, flowers tango-orange, April, 1934, Schipp S718. Medium-sized
tree on Columbia River, in high ridge, April, 1933, M. 0. Hope 18.
Small to medium tree, occurring rarely up Columbia Valley, March,
1929, M. A. Balderamos. Salvador: Ahuachapan, "Flor de fuego,"
in 1924, Sisto Alberto Padilla.

Erblichia xylocarpa is rather variable in the amount of pubescence
of the young branches, petioles, peduncles, and under surface of the
leaves. Campbell 33, type of Sprague and Riley's Piriqueta xylocarpa,
is a glabrate extreme of this species. Its branches are described as
"glabri vel glabriusculi, fusco-cinerei," leaves "glabra," petioles
"glabri," peduncles "glabriusculi," stipules (bracts) "superne sub-
appresse fulvo-pilosae," and capsule "juventute minute puberula,
demum glabra." Unfortunately, since the plant was described from
a fruiting specimen, nothing is known of the flowers and, therefore,
the glabrousness of the plant has been emphasized in the description,
since mature specimens show a proportionate decrease of pubescence.
Some of the above specimens cited, namely Hope 18, Ortega 47, and
Steyermark 38294, somewhat approach the more nearly glabrate
types. The petioles vary from densely fulvous-puberulent to gla-
brate with a few sparse, appressed hairs in the plant collected by
Hope. The same type of variation is found on the young branches
and lower surface of the blades. In the latter the midrib usually
has sparse, appressed hairs, but in age these may disappear almost
entirely; moreover, the lower surface of the blade is usually glabrous,
but may have a few appressed ones scattered over its surface. Sprague
and Riley stated that their species differed from Erblichia odorata in
having longer, slender petioles, proportionately narrower blades
narrowed at the base, with inconspicuously, if at all, crenate mar-
gins, and curved seeds. So far as the supposed vegetative differences
mentioned above are concerned, these are unimportant and not at
all diagnostic characters, since the specimens we have examined

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 355

[how variation in the length of the petioles and in the proportionate
,ize of the blades. Moreover, the margins of the blade are usually
inconspicuously crenate, as in the Steyermark and Schipp specimens,
put may be more prominently crenate, as shown by the Padilla
Specimen.

In the western part of the range of E. xylocarpa a very pubescent
extreme, common in southwestern Guatemala and southern Mexico,
s found. It may be described as:

Erblichia xylocarpa var. niollis Standl. & Steyerm., var. nov.
typo recedit ramulis juvenilibus, petiolis pedunculisque dense
'ulvo-velutinis; laminis subtus dense fulvo-velutinis praesertim ad
bostam mediam laminae supra fulvo-velutinis, aliter plerumque
glabris, marginibus vulgo prominenter mucronato-crenatis; sepalis
jextus fulvo-tomentosis; petalis flammeo-aurantiacis 5.5-8.5 cm.
ongis, 3.5-4.5 cm. latis, cuneato-rhomboideo-obovatis; filamentis
nferne villosulis; stylis prope basin hirsutulis; ovario dense fulvo-
tomentoso. Mexico: Chiapas: Mt. Ovando, February, 1939, Matuda
2653. Volcan de Tacana, Finca La Union, March, 1939 Matuda
2789. Near Chicharras, alt. 2,000 meters, February, 1896, E. W.
Nelson 3803. Oaxaca: "Jarro de Oro, Azuche," Cafetal San Rafael,
alt. 800 meters, December, 1917, B. P. Reko 3702. A tree of 30
meters, Cerro San Rafael, alt. 800 meters, August, 1926, E. Makrinius
643. Guatemala: Dept. Solola: A forest tree of 18 meters, Volcan
de Atitlan, alt. 1,333-1,666 meters, February, 1939, F. W, Owen
Smith, Dept. Quezaltenango: "Candelaria de montana," a tree
of 12-15 meters, petals bright orange, leaves firmly chartaceous, rich,
dark grass-green above, pale green beneath, ridge top along Quebrada
San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos, lower, south-facing slopes of Volcan
de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache",
alt. 1,300-2,000 meters, January, 1940, Steyermark 33448 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.). Also observed by the junior author in
Guatemala on Volcan de Zunil, Volcan de Tajumulco, and Volcan
de Tacana.

The dense, tawny or tan-colored pubescence is characteristic of
this variety and is especially well developed on the young branchlets,
peduncles, petioles, lower surface and midrib of the leaves and bracts,
and on the outer surface of the sepals. The upper surface of the
blade is glabrous or has a few scattered hairs; the midrib on the upper
surface is usually tawny-velutinous, at least in the lower third or
fourth. The leaves vary in size and shape, but are mostly elliptic-
oblong to lance-elliptic, 7.5-15 cm. long, 2.3-4.6 cm. broad, acute

356 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

to acuminate, and usually conspicuously crenate. The crenations
are usually mucronate- tipped. The petioles are 6-11 mm. long.
The flowers are very fragrant, suggesting the odor of some orchids.
The sepals are usually much hairier on the outer surface than those
of typical E. xylocarpa, orange within, and green without in the
center, with orange margins. The petals are of a bright flame-orange,
while the filaments and stigmas are orange. The anthers are green;
the ovary is green and covered with dense, tawny hairs. The styles
are orange and at the base are usually covered with dense hairs,
while in typical E. xylocarpa the styles are usually glabrous at the base.

The plant with all its vegetative and floral parts glabrous or
practically so may be called:

Erblichia Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. Arbor 7-27 m. alta;
ramis juvenilibus glabris; foliis elliptico-oblongis, apice acutis vel
acuminatis, in basin sensim attenuatis, chartaceis vel tenuiter sub-
coriaceis, utrinque ut etiam petiolis et costa media glabris, utroque
latere 6-8-nerviis, petiolis 6-14 mm. longis, laminis 5-11.5 cm. longis,
2-3.7 cm. latis, marginibus late crenatis; bracteis glabris vel minute
sparseque adpresso-pilosulis: pedunculis glabris; sepalis extus glabris
vel minute sparse adpresso-pilosulis, 4.5-5 cm. longis, 0.9-1 cm. latis,
lanceolatis vel lineari-lanceolatis, acuminatis; petalis flammeo-
aurantiacis praeter basin intus tomentosam glabris, cuneato-rhom-
boideo-obovatis, apice cuspidatis, 6.5-7 cm. longis, ca. 4.5 cm. latis;
filamentis utrinque basi dense puberulis, 4.3-4.5 cm. longis; antheris
4.5-5 mm. longis; stylis omnino glabris, 3.5-3.7 cm. longis; ovario
omnino glabro; fructu juvenili glabro. Mexico: Tabasco: "San
Pedro," a tree 27 meters high, 70 cm. in diam., La Palma, Balancan,
June 1-6, 1939, E. Matuda 3319. Oaxaca: "Chamiso," a tree 22
meters tall, flowers pale reddish pink, in flood-free forest, alt. 30-90
meters, June, 1937, Llewelyn Williams 9460. Honduras: Dept.
Atlantida: A tree about 7 meters tall, flowers reddish orange, open
forest along banks of Salado River, above the village of Salado,
vicinity of La Ceiba, July, 1938, T. G. Yuncker, J. M. Koepper &
K. A. Wagner 8323 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

The styles entirely glabrous at their base, ovary and young fruit
entirely glabrous from the beginning, and glabrous or practically
glabrous sepals, leaves, petioles, peduncles, and young branchlets,
all combine to distinguish this species from the other species and
varieties described above. The lower surface of the bracts and outer
surface of the sepals may have a few scattered, appressed hairs, but
in the main are essentially glabrous. In general characters this

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 357

pecies appears to be near the glabrate extremes of E. xylocarpa, but
he specimens of the latter species which have been examined from
British Honduras show densely fulvous-tomentose ovaries, young
ranches, and peduncles. While I have not examined the type
Campbell 33) of Piriqueta xylocarpa Sprague & Riley from British
Honduras, all the specimens seen from that country possess a densely
ulvous-tomentose ovary and young branchlets and peduncles, and
t is assumed, therefore, that the Campbell specimen from British
Honduras likewise would possess these characteristics. Sprague
md Riley describe the capsule of the Campbell specimen as "juven-
:ute minute puberula," which leads to the assumption that the ovary
,vas in the beginning covered with a denser coat of tomentum, as is
3haracteristic of all the other British Honduras specimens that have
been examined.

MYRTACEAE

Calyptranthes pendula Berg, Linnaea 27: 21. 1854. At
present the Mexican and Central American species of Calyptranthes
are poorly understood, principally because of lack of ample her-
barium material, and at best the differences between most of the
species, as in so many of the Myrtaceae generally, are poorly marked.
A single Guatemalan collection of the genus seems referable to C.
pendula which was described from the mountains of Oaxaca, Mexico,
and has been reported to range northward to Sinaloa. Guatemala:
Dept. San Marcos, above Finca El Porvenir, south-facing slopes of
Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,400-1,700 meters, Steyermark 37253; a
shrub of 4.5 meters; leaves chartaceous, rich green above, pale green
beneath; flowers rose-purplish, with green calyces.

Eugenia cacuminum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
3-metralis fere omnino glaber ut videtur dense ramosus, ramulis
crassiusculis subteretibus ferrugineis vel brunneo-ochraceis, inter-
nodiis brevibus, novellis sparse minutissime puberulis vel fere glabris;
folia parva breviter petiolata firme coriacea, petiolo crassiusculo 5-9
mm. longo glabro supra canaliculate; lamina glabra elliptico-oblonga
vel lanceolato-oblonga prope medium latissima 4-7 cm. longa 1.5-
2.3 cm. lata apicem angustum obtusum versus paullo angustata, basi
obtusa vel acutiuscula, supra lucidissima viridis, costa venisque vix
elevatis, subtus pallidior sat dense pellucido-punctata, costa tenera
prominente, nervis lateralibus obscuris rectis irregularibus vix promi-
nulis angulo latiusculo abeuntibus prope marginem irregulare junctis;
flores axillares ut videtur (in statu fructifero tantum visi) solitarii vel
fasciculati sessiles vel subsessiles; fructus globosus 7-8 mm. diam.

358 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

glaber in sicco profunde longitrorsum sulcatus lucidus; calyx ad
apicem fructus persistens glaber, sepalis 4 rotundatis viridescentibus
ciliolatis ca. 4 mm. longis incurvis et concavis. Guatemala: Dept.
Chiquimula: On ridge, Montana Nube (Montana Volcancitos),
between Socorro Mountain and Cerro Brujo, southeast of Concep-
tion de las Minas, alt. 1,500-1,700 meters, October 31, 1939, Julian
A. Steyermark 30903 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); leaves firmly mem-
branaceous when fresh, dark green above, pale beneath.

Well marked by the small, very lustrous and discolorous leaves*
and especially by the sessile or nearly sessile fruits which in the dry
state are deeply sulcate vertically.

Eugenia chiquimulana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor
6-metralis, ramulis vetustioribus cinereis rimosis, junioribus cano-
brunnescentibus ad nodos in sicco aliquanto compressis et sparse
minute puberulis, internodiis elongatis; folia majuscula petiolata
coriacea, petiolo 9-13 mm. longo crasso minute cinereo-tomentello
vel glabrato; lamina oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga 9-10.5 cm. longa
4-4.5 cm. lata, obtusa vel subacuta, apice ipso obtuso, basi acutius-
cula vel obtusa, in statu adulto glaberrima, supra in sicco lucida
brunnescens, costa anguste subimpressa, nervis prominulis, subtus
pallidior brunnescens sublucida dense minute punctata, costa tenera
elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 12 tenerrimis fere rectis
angulo lato adscendentibus prope marginem in nervum distinctum
collectivum irregularem conjunctis, venis prominulis sed inconspicuis
laxe reticulatis; fructus magnus subglobosus 2-2.5 cm. diam. basi et
apice rotundatus, tomento molli densissimo brunneo obtectus;
sepala ad apicem fructus persistentia 4 rotundo-ovata obtusissima
ca. 5 mm. longa extus brunneo- tomentella vel glabrata. Guate-
mala: Dept. Chiquimula, cloud forest near the summit of Volcan de
Quezaltepeque, 3-4 miles northeast of Quezaltepeque, alt. 2,000
meters, November 8, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 31453 (type in
Herb. Field Mus.).

Leaves coriaceous, grass-green above, silvery green beneath;
fruit covered with dull brown hairs. The fruits are separated from
the branches, and the form of the inflorescence can not be determined
satisfactorily. The species is similar to some of those described from
Honduras, but does not agree in essential details with any one of
them. The very large, densely tomentose fruits and the large,
lustrous leaves are conspicuous characters.

Eugenia musarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex 2.5
m. altus omnino glaber, ramis gracilibus ferrugineis, acute vel obtuse

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 359

tetragonis ad nodos incrassatis, internodiis elongatis; folia magna
jbreviter petiolata crasse membranacea, petiolo crasso 4-6 mm. longo
isupra late canaliculate; lamina anguste oblonga vel lanceolato-
oblonga medio latissima 15-20 cm. longa 4.5-6.5 cm. lata sensim vel
Isubabrupte longiacuminata, acumine angusto subobtuso, basi ob-
jtusissima vel anguste rotundata, supra in sicco griseo-viridis, costa
i anguste subimpressa, nervis venisque non elevatis inconspicuis, sub-
jtus pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque
|latere ca. 15 tenerrimis prominentibus angulo semirecto vel saepius
jlatiore adscendentibus remote a margine in nervum collectivum
jtenuem irregularem conjunctis, venis fere obsoletis; flores ad nodos
! defoliates fasciculati pauci subsessiles; hypanthium late hemisphaeri-
icum punctatum ca. 3 mm. altum basi late rotundatum; sepala 3-3.5
mm. longa rotundo-ovata apice rotundata ciliolata remote punctata
ipallida; petala obovato-orbicularia 6 mm. longa et fere aequilata;
stamina numerosissima; stylus gracillimus glaber fere 10 mm. longus.
Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Rio Juyama, southeast of Cheyenne,
about 15 miles southwest of Bananera, alt. 50-100 meters, April 8,
1940, Julian A. Steyermark 39165 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Leaves when fresh firmly membranaceous, rich, dull green above,
pale green beneath; calyx lobes spreading, greenish white; petals
white. The most closely related species of Central America is
Eugenia lancetillae Standl., which has somewhat pubescent leaves,
with more prominent and differently disposed venation, and acute
or narrowly obtuse at the base.

Eugenia simiarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor omnino
glabra, ramis gracilibus rectis rigidis brunneis ad nodos paullo in-
crassatis, internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia inter majora brevi-
ter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso 7-9 mm. longo; lamina
anguste oblongo-lanceolata prope vel paullo infra medium latissima
16-19 cm. longa 4.5-5.5 cm. lata apicem versus longe sensim an-
gustata, apice ipso angusto obtuso, basi acuta, supra in sicco griseo-
viridis opaca, costa nervisque prominulis, venis quoque prominulis
laxe reticulatis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera elevata, nervis later-
alibus utroque latere ca. 15 teneris prominentibus angulo lato diver-
gentibus fere rectis remote a margine in nervum collectivum crena-
tum junctis, venulis inconspicuis vix prominulis laxe reticulatis;
flores in axillis foliorum vel ad nodos defoliates fasciculati pauci vel
numerosi, pedicellis 8-14 mm. longis plerumque rectis gracilibus;
hypanthium 2.5 mm. longum dense grosse glanduloso-punctatum ;
sepala semiorbicularia vel rotundo-ovata 1.5-2 mm. longa apice

360 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

late rotundata sparse ciliolata dense punctata; petala alba grosse
glanduloso-punctata ca. 5 mm. longa; bracteolae 1-1.5 mm. longae
basi hypanthii insertae ovatae vel lanceolatae obtusae vel acutae.
Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Between Bananera and La Presa, in
Montana del Mico, alt. 40-300 meters, March 28, 1940, Julian A.
Steyermark 38274.

Leaves when fresh firmly chartaceous, rich green above, pale
green beneath; pedicels light green; petals white; calyx lobes pale
green. Eugenia simiarum is similar to E. lancetillae Standl., of the
Atlantic coast of Honduras. The latter differs in having somewhat
pubescent leaves with differently arranged, more elevated venation,
and almost sessile flowers. E. musarum, described above, also is
closely related, but has angled branches, leaf blades obtuse at the
base, and much larger, short-pedicellate flowers.

Eugenia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 15-metralis,
ramis teretibus subferrugineis rimosis, novellis in sicco plus minusve
compressis ferrugineis primo densiuscule sericeis cito glabratis,
internodiis plerumque elongatis; folia modica breviter petiolata
crasse coriacea, petiolo crasso 3-5 mm. longo primo sericeo, glabres-
cente; lamina late elliptica vel rotundo-elliptica 4-6 cm. longa 2-3.5
cm. lata apice obtusa usque rotundata, interdum subemarginata,
basi acutiuscula usque fere rotundata, saepe abrupte breviter con-
tracta, primo ut videtur sparse denseve adpresso-pilosa, saltern in
statu adulto omnino glabra, supra pallide lutescens lucida, costa
anguste profundeque impressa, nervis vix manifestis non elevatis,
sparse punctata, subtus paullo pallidior, costa elevata, nervis later-
alibus utroque latere ca. 12 tenerrimis fere rectis angulo recto vel
paullo angustiore abeuntibus, venis obscuris; flores ut videtur in
axillis solitarii, pedunculo puberulo ca. 5 mm. longo, pedicello paullo
breviore; fructus siccus globosus 12 mm. diam. sparse puberulus vel
glabratus; sepala ad apicem fructus persistentia crassa oblonga
obtusa ca. 4 mm. longa. Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos, between
La Vega ridge along Rio Vega and northeast slopes of Volcan de
Tacana, to 3 miles from Guatemala-Mexico boundary, vicinity of
San Rafael, alt. 2,500-3,000 meters, February 20, 1940, Julian A.
Steyermark 36210 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

"Leaves firmly chartaceous, dark green above, pale green be-
neath." The species is a well marked one, noteworthy for its rather
small, very broad, coriaceous leaves, and for the large, coriaceous
calyx lobes. It is not altogether certain that the peduncles are 1-
flowered, but they appear to be so.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 361

MELASTOMACEAE

Conostegia Gleasoniana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
2-3-metralis, ramis gracilibus vel crassiusculis, vetustioribus fer-
rugineis vel brunnescentibus glabratis teretibus, novellis dense pilis
parvis sessilibus brunnescentibus vel ochraceis tomentosis, pilis
aliis longis apice stellato-ramosis interdum intermixtis, internodiis
plerumque brevibus; folia modica petiolata membranacea, petiolo
gracili 1.5-3 cm. longo arete stellato-tomentello vel glabrato, inter-
dum cum pilis stellatis longistipitatis quoque consperso; lamina
oblongo-lanceolata vel anguste elliptico-oblonga 8-20 cm. longa
3.5-6.5 cm. lata, apice acuta usque longe angusteque attenuata,
basi acuta vel obtusa, fere integra vel remote obscure undulato-
crenata, supra in sicco fuscescens vel lutescens vulgo minute pallido-
puncticulata, interdum saltern in juventute sparse setoso-pilosa sed
saepius fere omnino glabra, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus
fere concolor viridis sparse minuteque saltern ad costam venasque
pilis minutis sessilibus stellatis conspersa, secus costam interdum
pilis stellatis stipitatis onusta, 5-plinervia, pare superiore nervorum
bene supra basin laminae nascente, nervis teneris prominentibus,
venis tenerrimis prominulis laxe reticulatis; paniculae terminales
sessiles et a basi ramosae vel breviter pedunculatae dense vel sub-
laxe multiflorae vulgo 5-7 cm. longae et fere aequilatae, ramis
crassiusculis pilis sessilibus vel stipitatis et saepe cum ambobus inter-
mixtis sparse denseve obsitis, suberectis vel adscendentibus, floribus
vulgo in cymulas parvas trifloras breviter pedunculatas dispositis
breviter crasseque pedicellatis; calyx in alabastro ovoideus vel ellip-
soideus 4-5 mm. longus, basi acutiusculus, apice angustatus et
apiculatus vel acutiusculus, sparse minuteque stellato-puberulus.
Guatemala: Dept. Alta Verapaz: Damp forest, limestone region of
Cocola, northeast of Carcha, alt. 1,200 meters, April 2, 1939, Paul C.
Standley 70317 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Mountains east of Tac-
tic, on the road to Tamahu, alt. 1,500-1,600 meters, April 9, 1939,
Standley 71078, 71086, 71305, 71329.

Among Guatemalan species of Conostegia, the present one is
noteworthy for its small flowers. While the specimens exhibit some
variation in pubescence, all appear to be conspecific. The pubescence
of the leaves is scant, and at maturity the blades are, in fact, almost
glabrous.

Mouriria Gleasoniana Standl., sp. nov. Arbuscula vel arbor
usque 12 m. alta saltern praeter flores omnino glabra, ramulis gra-
cilibus sed rigidis vulgo cinnamomeis subteretibus rimosis, inter-

362 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

nodiis plerumque elongatis; folia mediocria brevissime petiolata in
sicco coriacea et rigida, petiolo crasso vix ultra 3 mm. longo crasso;
lamina oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga 7.5-10 cm. longa 3-3.5 cm.
lata subabrupte acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi paullo brevi-
terque angustata et anguste rotundata, saepius emarginata, utrinque
dense papilloso-pustulata, supra lutescens, costa non elevata, ner-
vis obscuris, subtus paullo pallidior, costa crassiuscula elevata, nervis
vulgo obscuris tenerrimis vix elevatis; pedunculi axillares plerumque
solitarii ca. 1 cm. longi infra medium geniculati minute puberuli vel
glabrati graciles; calyx 5-6 mm. latus, extus ut videtur sparse pube-
rulus vel fere glaber, tubo basi late rotundato, limbo patente brevis-
sime lobato persistente; fructus depresso-globosus et saepius didymus
glaber ca. 13-14 mm. latus basi late rotundatus, seminibus 1-3.
Mexico: Achotal, Balancan, Tabasco, May, 1939, E. Matuda 3093
(type in Herb. Field Mus.). San Isidro, Balancan, Tabasco, June,
1939, Matuda 3339. Uvero, Oaxaca, alt. 30-90 meters, May, 1937,
L. Williams 9398. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal, Rio Dulce, 2-4 miles
west of Livingston, on south side (left side going up river), at sea
level, April 16, 1940, Steyermark 39525; sterile; a shrub of 1-2 meters.

Regarding the tree Mr. Williams supplies the following notes:
"Local name Frutillo. A tree 12 m. tall, the crown spreading; trunk
straight, round, 25 cm. in diameter, unbranched for 4.5 m.; fruit
yellow when unripe, reddish when mature, ripening in May. Wood
used for railroad ties. Common on hill slopes in forest." Mr. Matuda
states that the plant is a tree of 4-5 meters.

The new species is named for Dr. H. A. Gleason, student and
monographer of the Melastomaceae. It is clearly related to Mouriria
Muelleri Cogn., and the two Tabasco specimens have been so deter-
mined. M. Muelleri is represented in the Herbarium of Field
Museum by a photograph of the type, Jurgensen 266 from the State
of Oaxaca. As shown by this photograph, the leaves of M. Muelleri
are decidedly different from those of M. Gleasoniana, being very
obtuse or narrowly rounded at the apex and broad and more con-
spicuously emarginate at the base. The only Mouriria material
in the Herbarium of Field Museum that resembles the type photo-
graph is Haenke 1626, without locality but presumably from west-
ern Mexico. It is, however, by no means certain that this specimen
really represents Mouriria Muelleri.

The most common Mouriria species of British Honduras and
northern Guatemala, M. exilis, differs from M. Gleasoniana in hav-
ing more evidently petiolate leaves acute or acutish at the base.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 363

ONAGRACEAE

Fuchsia Seleriana Loes. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 55: 179.
:913. Most of the small-flowered Fuchsias of Mexico and Central
\merica are much alike and closely related. The species have been
;)ased too often on characters that appear to be of little importance
!>r stability, and it seems certain that as material accumulates in
Wbaria, at least some of the names will have to be reduced to
synonymy. Fuchsia Seleriana, however, is better marked than most
pf its relatives, and apparently a perfectly good species. The type
|vas collected near Chacula in the Department of Huehuetenango,
Guatemala, and another collection from the Department of Quezal-
;;enango was cited by Loesener. The species is noteworthy in hav-
ng dioecious flowers. Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Cerro Alcoba, just
3ast of Jalapa, alt. 1,300-1,700 meters, Steyermark 32512; a shrub of
1-1.5 meters; leaves membranaceous, dull green above, silvery green
beneath; stems purplish red; berries purplish red; corolla rose-orchid,
the lobes orchid-colored outside, tinged with pale pink or white
jinside. Dept. Guatemala: Santa Catarina Pinula, Margaret Lewis
J392. Dept. Sacatepe"quez : Oak forest, Finca El Hato, northeast of
Antigua, alt. 2,000 meters, Standley 61202; a shrub of 2 meters;
flowers bright red. Dept. Chimaltenango : Oak woods, plains near
Tecpam, Skutch 489; a low shrub, rarely 2.5 meters high; flowers
pinkish red; berries glossy black, almost 1 cm. in diameter. Tecpam,
J. R. Johnston 761a. Dept. Quezaltenango: Hedgerow near Quezal-
jtenango, alt. 2,400 meters, Skutch 810. Volcan de Santa Maria,
Ibetween Santa Maria de Jesus, Las Mojadas, and summit of the
volcano, alt. 1,500-3,000 meters, Steyermark 34031; a shrub of
1.5-2.5 meters. At present the species is known definitely only
from Guatemala, but Sesse & Mocino 5207 has been annotated by
Dr. P. A. Munz as being probably Fuchsia Seleriana. Most of the
Sess and Mocino plants came from Mexico, but it is known or at
least believed that those collectors visited Guatemala, and they are
reported to have prepared a manuscript flora of the latter country.

ARALIAGEAE

Sciadodendron excelsum Griseb. Bonplandia 6: 7. 1858.
Originally described from Panama, this small tree has been known
to extend along the Pacific coast as far north as Salvador. It may
now be reported even farther northward, from Guatemala: Dept.
Chiquimula: Rocky outcrops along gorge of Rio Chiquimula, between
Santa Barbara and Petapilla, 4-6 miles north of Chiquimula, alt.

364 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

350-420 meters, Steyermark 30271; a tree of 7.5 meters, most of the
leaves borne at the top of the trunk.

UMBELLIFERAE

Hydrocotyle pusilla A. Rich. Ann. Sci. Phys. 4: 167. pi. 52,,
f. 2. 1820. H. costaricensis Rose, Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 195.
1927. In Central America this species has been recorded, so far as
we know, only from Costa Rica, where it has been collected several
times. It is widely dispersed in South America and West Indies,
and Mathias (Brittonia 2: 206. 1936) cites its range as extending
to Mexico. The following collections may be placed on record for
Guatemala: Dept. Jalapa: Vicinity of Soledad, Montana Mira-i
mundo, between Jalapa and Mataquescuintla, alt. 2,000-2,500
meters, creeping along brook among hepatics, Steyermark 32665.
Potrero Carrillo, at Hierba Buena, 14 miles northeast of Jalapa, alt. j
1,500-1,900 meters, creeping in wooded swamp on moist knolls,
Steyermark 33042. Dept. Chimaltenango: Near Rio Pixcayo,
between Chimaltenango and San Martin Jilotepeque, alt. 1,650-
1,800 meters, creeping along a ditch, Standley 64334; creeping at;
edge of stream, Standley 64444. Dept. San Marcos: Along road
between San Sebastian at km. 21 and km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of
San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters, creeping over wet rocks near
base of a waterfall, Steyermark 35733. Dept. Alta Verapaz: Moun-
tains east of Tactic on road to Tamahu, creeping in dense, wet
forest, alt. 1,600 meters, Standley 71224. The plant is rare or local
in Guatemala, in contrast with Hydrocotyle mexicana Cham. &
Schlecht., which grows almost everywhere in forests of middle and
higher elevations.

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f. Suppl. PI. 177. 1781. In
Rose and Standley's account of the genus Hydrocotyle in Central
America (Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 194. 1927), H. ranunculoides
was reported from Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama. A few
Guatemalan collections, all unfortunately sterile, are available from
recent collections: Dept. Quezaltenango: Olintepeque, edge of river,
common, alt. 2,415 meters, Standley 66004. Dept. Chimaltenango:
Finca La Alameda, near Chimaltenango, alt. 1,830 meters, floating
in a small stream, Standley 59161; leaves very lustrous in the fresh
state. Near Parramos, alt. 1,650-1,800 meters, Standley 59871.

ERICACEAE

Anthopterus Wardii Ball in Hook. Icon. 15: pi. 1465. 1884.
Of this rather curious plant, noteworthy for its 5-winged corolla,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 365

; jut a single collection was reported from North America by Albert
[ j. Smith in his account of the Thibaudieae (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb.

8: 408. 1932), Pittier 5652 from Cerro de Garagara, Darie'n, Panama.
;i second collection has now come to hand, from the same region:

>est, Cana-Cuasi trail, Prov. Darie'n, alt. 1,650 meters, February,

1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1569. "A shrub or tree(?). Calyx scarlet,

he corolla white."

Disterigma panamense Standl., sp. nov. Fruticulus epiphy-

icus sparse ramosus, ramis gracilibus usque 20 cm. longis nodosis

iubteretibus ferrugineis, internodiis brevibus, novellis dense pilis

ulbidis patulis hispidulis; petioli subnulli; laminae patentes lineari-

>blongae tenues 8-12 mm. longae 2.5-3 mm. latae acutiusculae,

L>asi obtusae, sparse puberulae vel fere glabrae, integrae vel obsolete

>errulatae, e basi trinerviae, sparse fusco-punctatae, marginibus

:enuibus pallidis, nervis subtus prominulis vel saltern manifestis;

Bores breviter pedicellati vel subsessiles, bracteis inaequalibus stra-

mineis striatis fere glabris, interioribus late ovalibus apice rotundatis

osque 2.5 mm. longis, exterioribus late ovatis obtusis vel acutiusculis

;multo brevioribus; calyx fere glaber, lobis 4 acutis vel acutiusculis

J2 mm. longis rigidis ciliatis; corolla glabra alba 5 mm. longa, tubo

cylindraceo crassiusculo, lobis 4 triangularibus acutis suberectis;

jstamina corollam subaequantia, stylo aequilongo. Panama: Rain

(forest, Cana-Cuasi trail, Chepigana District, Prov. Darie'n, Panama,

alt. 1,650 meters, March 15, 1940, R. A. & M. E. Terry 1564 (type

in Herb. Field Mus.).

Only time and further material will tell whether this is sufficiently
distinct from the common South American Disterigma empetrifolium
(HBK.) Drude to deserve specific status. Certain not too well
marked structural characters and the distributional factors lead
one to believe that it probably is distinct. D. empetrifolium, rang-
ing in the Andes from Venezuela to Peru, occurs at 2,000 to 4,200
meters, a much greater elevation than that at which the Panama
plant grows. The leaves of D. panamense are thinner, narrower, and
more distinctly 3-nerved than those of D. empetrifolium, and they
are widely divaricate rather than erect or ascending. The corolla,
too, is somewhat smaller than in any or most of the South American
collections.

SAPOTACEAE

Bumelia LeSueurii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor, ramis crassius-
culis nigrescentibus vel fusco-ferrugineis longitrorsum et interdum
quoque transverse rimosis sparse spinosis, novellis densissime pilis

366 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

brunneis lucidis patulis pilosis, internodiis brevibus; spinae rigidae
adscendenti-divaricatae 8-12 mm. longae; folia parva breviter petio-
lata subcoriacea vel rigide membranacea, petiolo crassiusculo 4-6
mm. longo dense patulo-piloso; lamina oblonga vel anguste oblonga
4.5-6.5 cm. longa 1.5-2.3 cm. lata, obtusa vel apice rotundata, basi
obtusa vel anguste rotundata, rarius subacuta, supra in sicco cinereo-
viridis glabra, minute pallido-puncticulata, nervis venisque promi-
nulis atque reticulatis, subtus fere concolor ubique pilis brevibus
pallidis brunnescentibus patulis e basi furcatis plus minusve inter-
textis pilosa, costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus prominulis
remotis angulo lato abeuntibus; flores in axillis foliorum paucifasci- '
culati vel interdum ut videtur singuli, pedicellis crassiusculis 3-4 mm. I
longis dense brunneo-tomentosis; sepala ovalia vel ovali-ovata 3.5 !
mm. longa extus dense brunneo-sericea apice obtusa vel rotundata, .
intus glabra; corolla extus glabra, lobis ut videtur in vivo reflexis i
oblongis obtusis 3 mm. longis; staminodia majuscula lineari-lanceo- ':
lata attenuato-acuminata glabra breviter exserta, antheris oblongis
breviter exsertis; stylus crassiusculus sepalis duplo longior glaber, I
ovario dense piloso. Mexico: Rio Bonito, Chihuahua, December, !
1936, Harde LeSueur 1160 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers., which extends from Texas
into Tamaulipas, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon, seems to be the closest !{
relative of the tree here described. It differs, however, in having
more or less cuneate leaves, numerous flowers on more elongate j
pedicels, broad corolla lobes, and a short, included style.

Chrysophyllum panamense Pittier, var. macrophyllum j
Standl., var. nov. Folia magna, petiolo crasso 12-25 mm. longo; I
lamina ovalis usque late elliptica vel late elliptico-oblonga vulgo |
20-33 cm. longa et 10-13.5 cm. lata, breviter cuspidato-acuminata,
basi subtruncata usque acutiuscula, subtus aliquanto pallidior sparse
minuteque sericea vel fere glabra; corolla sparse vel dense sericea;
fructus quam in forma typica speciei major, seminibus vulgo 4,
interdum 1-3 vel 5. Panama: Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone:
Near Laboratory, Snyder-Molino Trail, September 3, 1937, James
Zetek 3810 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); March 19, 1937, Zetek 3810.
Wheeler Trail, July, 1931, D. E. Starry 118. Snyder-Molino Trail,
March 5, 1932, Otis Shattuck 778.

Excellent material of this Chrysophyllum has been forwarded by
Mr. Zetek, who believes that it constitutes a new species, distinct
from C. panamense, which possibly may be the case. It differs from
the typical form of the species in its substantially larger leaves and

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 367

ji its larger fruits with more numerous seeds. What is taken to be
he typical form of C. panamense has normally one seed in each fruit,
>ut sometimes two. The number of seeds probably is variable, and
ihere is no well marked difference in leaf size, while the flowers appear
jo be identical in the two forms. It therefore seems necessary to
iegard the large-leafed tree as only a variety of C. panamense.

Lucuma Austin -Smithii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 12-metralis,
irunco 30 cm. diam., ramulis crassiusculis primo densissime brunneo-
ericeis, serius glabratis, internodiis brevibus; folia majuscula petio-
iata tenuiter coriacea, petiolo gracili 1.5-2 cm. longo dense brunneo-
iericeo vel glabrato; lamina obovato-oblonga vel oblanceolato-
!>blonga, interdum elliptico-oblonga, 10-17 cm. longa 4-7.5 cm. lata,
tpice acuta vel subacuminata usque rotundata, basi acuta vel inter-
,lum cuneato-angustata, supra in sicco sublucida fusco-brunnescens,
brimo dense brunneo-sericea sed cito glabrata et in statu adulto
)mnino glabra, costa nervisque non elevatis, nervulis prominulis
jitque arete reticulatis, subtus multo pallidior, in statu juvenili den-
idssime brunneo-sericea, in statu adulto ubique pilis arete adpressis
prunnescentibus et griseis sat dense sericea, costa crassiuscula promi-
icnte, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 16 prominentibus teneris
mbarcuatis angulo lato divergentibus juxta marginem arcuato-
unctis, venulis inconspicuis sed prominulis et arete reticulatis; flores
ixillares solitarii vel geminati, pedicellis gracilibus rectis 9-11 mm.
ongis dense brunneo-sericeis; sepala 4, 2 exterioribus florem invol-
ventibus late ovalibus 7 mm. longis apice rotundatis vel obtusissimis
xtus dense minuteque brunneo-sericeis, interioribus 2 conformibus
t aequilongis extus fere glabris, intus glabris; ovarium densissime
villosum, stylo glabro crassiusculo recto 3.5 mm. longo. Costa
Rica: La Pena de Zarcero, Canton Alfaro Ruiz, Prov. Alajuela, alt.
L,575 meters, in cloud forest of Caribbean watershed, October 22,
1938, Austin Smith H1280 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

"Trunk erect, 30 cm. in diameter at the base. Bark dark cin-
namon-brown. Leaves thinly coriaceous, rigid, faintly shining,
dark green above, buff-green on the lower surface; outer sepals
bronzy green, the inner ones pale yellowish. The tree emits a sticky,
milky sap."

Lucuma Durlandii Standl. Trop. Woods 4: 5. 1925. The tree
has been collected numerous times in Pete"n, Guatemala, whence
originally described, as well as in British Honduras. Three recent
collections indicate a much wider range for it: Guatemala: Dept.
Izabal, bay of Santo Tomas, between Escobas and Santo Tomas,

368 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

at sea level, Steyermark 39228; a tree; leaves firmly chartaceous,
dark green above, pale grass-green beneath; flowers white. Mexico:
La Palma, Balancan, Tabasco, in virgin forest, Matuda 3297 (de-
termined by Lundell) ; a small tree with green fruits. Tamazunchale,
San Luis Potosi, in forest on hillside, alt. 300 meters, C. L. & Amelia
A. Lundell 7199; a tree of 12 meters, the trunk 15 cm. in diameter;
corolla white.

Sideroxylon Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 7-9-
metralis, ramulis crassis subteretibus fusco-ferrugineis longitrorsum
rugosis, novellis sparse denseve pilis cinereis et brunnescentibus
intermixtis sericeis, cito glabrescentibus, internodiis brevibus; folia
modica vel magna breviter petiolata subcoriacea et subrigida, petiolo
crassiusculo 1-2 cm. longo sparse sericeo vel glabrato; lamina ob-
lanceolato-oblonga vel obovato-oblonga 10-21 cm. longa 3.5-9.5 cm.
lata, apice obtusa vel saepius rotundata, basin versus arcuato-
angustata vel cuneato-angustata, basi ipsa cuneato-acuta, supra in
sicco viridis glabra, costa subimpressa, nervis planis, subtus paullo
pallidior, primo sparse pilis arete adpressis griseis sericea, serius
glabrata, costa gracili elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 9-14
teneris subarcuatis prominentibus angulo latiusculo adscendentibus
juxta marginem sursum curvatis et junctis, venis prominulis incon-
spicuis laxe reticulatis; flores e nodis nudis infra folia nascentes
fasciculati, pedicellis fructiferis crassis angulatis glabratis 1.5-2 cm.
longis; sepala ca. 6 inaequalia arete imbricata brunnescentia glabra
vel glabrata 2.5-3 mm. longa apice obtusa usque subrotundata;
stylus crassus sursum attenuatus ca. 2 mm. longus; fructus mono-
spermus late ovoideus glaber in sicco lucidus ca. 2 cm. longus et 1.5
cm. latus, sessilis et basi rotundatus, apice subacutus; semen laeve ca.
1.5 cm. longum pallide lutescens. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango:
Quebrada Canala, along Rio Samala between Santa Maria de Jesus
and Calahuache", alt. 1,200-1,300 meters, January 9, 1940, Julian A.
Steyermark 33858 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); local name Cacho de
venado; a tree with milky sap; leaves coriaceous, stiff, dark green
above, pale green beneath, the nerves prominent; fruit green, about
2 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, pointed at the apex, turbinate, dull
olive-green. Dept. Suchitepe"quez : Southern, lower slopes of Volcan
de Zunil, vicinity of Finca Las Nubes, along Quebrada Chita, east
of Pueblo Nuevo, alt. 500-800 meters, February 2, 1940, Steyermark
35409; leaves dark, rich green above, pale green beneath.

Although corollas are absent, from the general appearance of the
flowers and foliage, this tree appears almost certainly referable to

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 369

jhe genus Sideroxylon. In that group it is well marked by its very
btuse or rounded, rather short-petiolate leaves.

PRIMULACEAE

Centunculus minimus L. Sp. PI. 116. 1753. As limited by
5 ax and Knuth (Pflanzenreich IV. 237: 334. 1905), the genus Centun-
ulus consists of a single species, C. pentandrus R. Br., reported from
Carious parts of Mexico and Central America, being referred by those
jiuthors to the synonymy of Anagallis pumila Sw. C. minimus has a
ivide range in both the eastern and western hemispheres, but is not
ecorded, so far as available literature indicates, from Central Amer-
ca. Two collections have been made in Guatemala: Dept. San
Marcos: Along Quebrada Canjula, between Sibinal and Canjula,
jVblcan de Tacana, marshy, open meadow, alt. 2,200-2,500 meters,
fiteyermark 35972. Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and
Ion. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters,
in spring-fed meadow along a quebrada, Steyermark 35594.

Lysimachia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Herba ut videtur
adscendens vel decumbens, caule elongate crasso ad nodos radicante,
caulibus ultimis erectis 16-19 cm. longis simplicibus ochraceis ut
jvidetur subcarnosis, glabris vel superne sparse pilis longis patentibus
villosis; folia alterna petiolata membranacea, petiolo 4-15 mm. longo
crasso saepe rubro vel purpurascente submarginato sparse villoso;
lamina late ovata usque elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica 3-6 cm.
longa 1.5-2.5 cm. lata acuta vel subacuminata, basin versus plus
minusve angustata, interdum contracta et decurrens, basi saepius
acuta vel subobtusa, supra viridis sparse villosa vel fere glabra, sub-
jtus paullo pallidior, sparse villosa vel fere glabra, dense punctata,
costa crassiuscula, nervis paucis inconspicuis valde obliquis angulo
angusto adscendentibus; flores in axillis foliorum supra medium
icaulis fasciculati, pedicellis gracillimis 1.5-2 cm. longis rectis vel
flexuosis sparse villosis; sepala in statu fructifero 5 mm. longa per-
sistentia oblongo-lanceolata acuta vel acuminata dense punctata
unicostata fere libera; capsula sepalis aequilonga glabra, valvis
lanceolato-oblongis. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Moist, steep
banks at base of rocky cliff, Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,800 me-
ters, January 22, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 34772 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.).

Although the genus is rather well represented in the United
States, but one species has been reported in North America south
of the Mexican border, L. mexicana Knuth, of the mountains of

370 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

Oaxaca, Mexico. L. Steyermarkii is related to that and to its ally,
L. chilensis (Griseb.) Knuth, of southern Chile, but it differs from
both in its sessile rather than long-pedunculate fascicles of flowers.
Its leaves, too, are relatively much broader than those of L. mexicana.

GENTIANACEAE

Lisianthus arcuatus Perkins, Bot. Jahrb. 31: 492. 1902.
Heretofore the species has been recorded definitely only from Costa
Rica, but a not very recent collection that has lain in the herbarium
without study until now attests its occurrence also in Honduras:
Cuyamel, on hills, March, 1924, M. A. Carleton 584. The corollas I
are slightly shorter than those of most Costa Rican specimens, but
otherwise the plants are all alike.

APOCYNACEAE

Zschokkea Standleyi Woodson in Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus.
22: 44. 1940. Lacmellea edulis Woodson, N. Amer. Fl. 29: 141. 1938,
non Karst. An attempt to determine a recent Steyermark collection,
cited below, has resulted, it is believed, in clarifying the status of the
so-called Lacmellea several times reported from British Honduras.
Lacmellea edulis Karst. was described from the Rio Meta, Colombia,
and the senior author some years ago made the mistake of referring
to the same species material collected on Barro Colorado Island,
Panama, later described by Woodson as Zschokkea panamensis.
Woodson's studies showed also that the British Honduras specimens I
determined by the senior author as Lacmellea edulis really belonged to
that Colombian species. It always has seemed strange that the
Colombian plant should skip across all of Central America to appear
in British Honduras. Some species do have such an interrupted
distribution, so far as present records indicate, but in their cases
there are no closely related species found at intervening localities.

Study of the available material of so-called Lacmellea, including
that of the Missouri Botanical Garden Herbarium, kindly lent for
study by Dr. J. M. Greenman, shows that actually it is identical
with the species described by Dr. Woodson in 1940 as Zschokkea
Standleyi. All the British Honduras material previously available
bore only buds, with no developed corollas. As Zschokkea and Lac-
mellea have been separated, the former has relatively short corolla
lobes, much shorter than the tube, and the anthers are inserted near
the top of the tube; in Lacmellea the corolla lobes about equal the
tube, and the anthers are inserted near the middle of the tube. In

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 371

the undeveloped corollas of the British Honduras tree, the corolla
tube is at first short, and the anthers are borne near its middle; but,
when the corolla is ready to open, as shown by the Guatemalan
specimens cited below, the tube has become much longer, and the
anthers, although they have actually maintained their former posi-
tion, are now near the apex of the elongate tube.

From all this it seems clear that the material cited below from
Guatemala and British Honduras is congeneric and conspecific,
that it is not Lacmellea edulis, and that the proper name for it is
Zschokkea Standleyi Woodson. However, there are further compli-
cations of the subject, which can not be resolved at the present
time. If one consults Karsten's plate of Lacmellea edulis (FI. Columb.
pi 152), there immediately arises a suspicion that he also may have
dealt with material with only young and incompletely developed
corollas. Both the habit sketch and the flower dissections lead one
to suspect as much. Unfortunately, no South American material
of Lacmellea is available to the writers, but they will not be surprised
if ultimately Lacmellea and Zschokkea prove to be congeneric. That
would be unfortunate, since the name Lacmellea antedates Zschokkea,
and under the latter genus a good many species have been described.

The following material of Zschokkea Standleyi is now at hand:
Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: In pasture near Entre Rios, common,
alt. 18 meters, April, 1939, Standley 72587, type of Z. Standleyi; a
tree of 4.5-6 meters; corolla cream-colored. Between Virginia and
Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico, alt. 50-500 meters, April 5,
1940, Steyermark 38886; a tree of 11 meters; leaves subcoriaceous,
dark, rich green above, pale grass-green beneath; calyx tube green;
corolla tube greenish white, swollen at the base, the lobes white.
British Honduras: Rio Blanco, April, 1929, N. S. Stevenson 120
(Yale School For. 14902); a sterile specimen; local names Palo de
vaca and Cow tree; a small tree. Rio Grande, in river swamp, alt.
15 meters, Schipp 1234; a tree of 9 meters; fruit yellow; wood
soft; latex white. Temash River, alt. 30 meters, in swamp forest,
February 18, 1935, Schipp 1326; local name Vaca; a tree of 9 meters;
flowers creamy white; the trunk has woody spines; the latex is good
to drink but a bit tacky. Without definite locality, J. B. Kinloch
11; local name Prickly vaca.

CONVOLVULACEAE

Ipomoea Davidsoniae Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22: 98.
1940. A second and better preserved specimen of this recently

372 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

described species has been received: Panama: Near Camiseta, Vol
can de Chiriqui, Boquete District, Prov. Chiriqui, alt. 2,100 meters
February, 1940, M. E. Terry 1368. "Corolla pale lavender at th
margin, the throat deep lavender or purple." The peduncles equa
or exceed the leaves, being 6-8 cm. long, and they bear few or numeri
ous, densely congested flowers, which are either sessile or borne oij
short, stout pedicels.

Jacquemontia pinetorum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. U
videtur fruticosa, ramosa, ramis crassis fusco-ferrugineis subterei
tibus, novellis dense velutino-pilosis, pilis patulis sordidis, inter:
nodiis brevibus vel elongatis; folia parva longipetiolata herbaceai
petiolo gracili 5-14 mm. longo dense patulo-piloso; lamina lat|
deltoideo-ovata usque oblongo-ovata 2-2.5 cm. longa 1-1.7 cml
lata subacuminata usque obtusa, basi breviter cordata, utrinquii
pilis cinereis vel sordidis dense molliter velutino-pilosa; cymae axil:
lares dense pauci- vel multiflorae corollis exclusis vix ultra 12 mrnji
latae, pedunculis plerumque 2.5-3.5 cm. longis folia aequantibui
vel longioribus, floribus congestis breviter pedicellatis, bracteis pan
vis subulatis; sepala 3-3.5 mm. longa extus densissime velutinoj
pilosa rotundato-ovata apice obtusa; corolla caeruleo-purpurea extu|
glabra ca. 8 mm. longa. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Open, rockj:
places along road in pine forest, between Milla 49.5 and ridge (g
miles from Izabal, Montana del Mico, alt. 65-600 meters, April li]
1940, Julian A. Steyermark 38533 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Corolla lavender-purple; stems creeping, or ascending at thl
tips; calyx pale green; leaves soft, membranaceous, dull grass;
green above, gray beneath. Apparently an unusually well market
member of this genus. Related species are J. nodiflora (Desr.) Donj
which has sessile or short-pedunculate inflorescences and glabroul
or almost glabrous sepals; and J. simulata House, which has a larger!
white corolla.

POLEMONIACEAE

Cobaea Skutchii I. M. Johnston, Journ. Arn. Arb. 19: 128
1938. Described from Palmar, Dept. Quezaltenango, at 1,22C
meters, Skutch 1456, this species is well marked by its small corollas
and especially by the very broad calyx lobes. Two later collection
of it have been made in Guatemala: Dept. Escuintla: Wet forest
Finca Monterrey, south slope of Volcan de Fuego, alt. 1,200 meters
Standley 64538; an herbaceous vine; corolla pale green. Dept
Quezaltenango: Along Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 373

lower, south slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, alt. 1,300-2,000 meters,
Steyermark 33388.

Cobaea tomentulosa Standl. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 457.
1914. The type was collected near Zunil, Guatemala, at about
2,400 meters, E. W. Nelson 3683. The plant seems to be rare, for
only one recent collection of it has been made: Guatemala: Dept.
Quezaltenango, Volcan de Zunil, alt. 2,500-3,800 meters, Steyermark
34674; local name Flor de campana; corolla light yellow-green, the
lobes vertically sulcate or wrinkled; calyx grass-green; fruit pale
green, mottled with dull purple; leaves membranaceous, rich green
above, slightly paler beneath. The species is noteworthy among
the several Guatemalan ones for its very large corollas.

VERBENACEAE

Clerodendron pithecobium Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov.
Frutex epiphyticus scandens, ramis crassiusculis nodosis obtuse sub-
angulatis sordido-ochraceis, internodiis 2.5-4 cm. longis, interdum
sublucidis, novellis dense strigosis cito glabratis; folia opposita
petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo crasso vulgo 10-12 mm. longo primo
sparse strigoso, cito glabrato; lamina oblongo-elliptica vel elliptico-
obovata saepius 6-12.5 cm. longa et 4-7.5 cm. lata, apice obtusa
usque rotundata et interdum brevissime apicata, basi acuta vel
obtusa, supra in sicco fuscescens glabra, costa nervisque impressis,
subtus fere concolor lucida primo sparse strigosa sed cito glabrata,
minute puncticulata, costa tenera elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque
latere ca. 5 tenerrimis prominentibus arcuatis vel fere rectis aliquanto
irregularibus angulo ca. semirecto adscendentibus remote a margine
junctis, venis obscuris; flores axillares solitarii, pedicellis gracilibus
glabris 12-20 mm. longis; calyx campanulatus glaber in sicco sub-
coriaceus 5-6 mm. longus basi obtusus subcostatus, subtruncatus et
brevissime 5-dentatus, dentibus remotis erectis vix 1 mm. longis;
corolla purpureo-rubra extus glabra, tubo crassiusculo recto fere 3
cm. longo tereti 4 mm. lato sursum non dilatato, lobis paullo in-
aequalibus ca. 4 mm. longis late ovalibus vel subrotundatis apice
rotundatis ciliatis; stamina inclusa. Guatemala: Damp, dense for-
est, La Shuya, southwest of San Martin Chile Verde, Dept. Quezal-
tenango, alt. 1,620 meters, March 8, 1939, Paul C. Standley 67887
(type in Herb. Field Mus.).

While the generic position of this plant probably is somewhat
uncertain, it is obviously closely related to the recently described
(Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22:99. 1940) ClerodendronMoldenkeanum Standl.,

374 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

whose type was collected in the region of Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas.
In that the calyx lobes are linear-subulate and 5-6 mm. long.

Verbena teucriifolia Mart. & Gal. Bull. Acad. Brux. 11, pt.
2: 322, 1844. In Miss Perry's monograph of the genus Verbena
(Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 20: 334. 1933) this species is reported outside
Mexico only from Quezaltenango, Guatemala. While in Guatemala
it is commoner about Quezaltenango than elsewhere, it does extend
considerably farther east. The following recent collections, some of
them determined by Miss Perry, have been made in this country:
Dept. San Marcos: In field, 2 km. below town of Tajumulco, Volcan
de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800 meters, Steyermark 36859; stems spreading;
corollas purple. Dept. Quezaltenango: Prostrate on sand, along
eastern side of Rio Samala, opposite Santa Maria de Jesus, alt.
1,500 meters, Steyermark 35060. Dry, rocky hillside, Cerro La
Pedrera, south of Quezaltenango, alt. 2,400 meters, Standley 65521;
plants prostrate, common; corolla rose-purple. Near Quezaltenango,
open bank, prostrate, alt. 2,300 meters, Standley 66437. Dept.
Chimaltenango: Finca La Alameda, near Chimaltenango, alt. 1,800
meters, J. R. Johnston 794, 720.

LABIATAE

Satureja Seleriana Loes. Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 51: 35.
1909. The type was collected by Seler in Cupressus forest of Sierra
Santa Elena, above Tecpam, Dept. Chimaltenango, Guatemala.
There is cited in addition, with the original description, Heyde & Lux
3125 from Chiul, Dept. Quiche", and Loesener published (op. cit. 36)
a var. guatemalensis, based on a Seler collection from Todos Santos,
Dept. Huehuetenango. The plant seems to be decidedly local in
Guatemala, and a good part of the specimens cited below were
obtained at the type locality if not from the same plants! It is a
handsome shrub because of its rather large and brilliantly colored
flowers, which, however, are produced in no great abundance.
Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Sierra Santa Elena, alt. 2,300
meters, December, 1929, Jorge G. Salas 1398. Chichoy, J. R.
Johnston 764, 1638. Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, alt.
2,400-2,700 meters, in Cupressus forest, Standley 61119, 60959,
58796; a slender shrub of 1-2 meters, common, the corolla bright
red. Dept. Quiche": Mount Maria Tecum, alt. 3,000 meters, April,
1937, W. C. Muenscher 12358. Some of the specimens cited may
have reached other herbaria under a manuscript name, as a supposed
new species, assigned to the plant by the senior author.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 375

SOLANACEAE

Athenaea locuples Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbuscula
3-metralis ut videtur laxe ramosa, ramis vetustioribus ochraceis,
jnovellis viridibus crassis dense brevissime sordido-villosulis, in sicco
obtuse angulatis, internodiis plerumque brevibus; folia solitaria
magna longipetiolata membranacea, petiolo gracili 3.5-7.5 cm. longo
dense breviterque viscido-villosulo; lamina late ovata vel sub-
rhombeo-ovata vulgo 10-18 cm. longa et 6.5-13 cm. lata acuminata
vel longiacuminata, basi late rotundata usque obtusa, ima basi inter-
dum subito contracta et breviter decurrens, subintegra vel saep-
ius remote grosseque repando-dentata vel fere sublobata, dentibus
late triangularibus patulis, supra in sicco fusco-viridis sat dense pilis
i brevibus non viscidis villosula, subtus concolor, dense ubique
I pilis brevibus viscido- villosula; flores numerosissimi in axillis fasci-
jculati, pedicellis gracilibus 2-2.5 cm. longis dense viscido-puberulis;
calyx campanularis viridis baccam arete amplectens in statu fructi-
fero 6-8 mm. altus et aequilatus vel paullo latior breviter dentatus,
dentibus subremotis triangularibus acutis vel subacuminatis in fructo
subincurvis, extus dense viscido-puberulus; bacca subglobosa ca. 8
I mm. lata glabra apice late rotundata; semina numerosa 1 mm. vel
paullo ultra diam. sublucida brunnea subprofunde foveolata. Guate-
mala: Dept. San Marcos: Dry, rocky, pine flat, above Finca El Por-
venir, along Rio Cabus to within two miles of Cueva de las Palomas,
south-facing slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters,
March 16, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 37953 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.); leaves soft and membranaceous, rich green above, dull green
beneath; fruit globular, dark green turning dull red.

The species is noteworthy for the very abundant flowers, which
form umbel-like fascicles. The flowers are much smaller than those
of A. macrocardia, described below, and the leaves are usually
rounded, never cordate, at the base.

Athenaea macrocardia Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Herba
erecta 3-metralis, ramis crassis fusco-ochraceis teretibus ubique
dense pilis laxis patentibus longiusculis plurilocularibus ut videtur
non viscidis villosis, internodiis elongatis; folia magna solitaria longi-
petiolata membranacea subaequalia, petiolo gracili 4-10 cm. longo
dense villoso; lamina late ovata undulata vel utroque latere breviter
pauci-angulata 15-24 cm. longa 9-17 cm. lata subabrupte acuminata
vel longiacuminata, basi insigniter obliqua profunde cordata, sinu
1-3 cm. alto, supra in sicco fuscescens ubique viscido-puberula vel
villosula, ad nervos densius longiusque villosula, subtus paullo palli-

376 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

dior ubique dense pilis longis brevibusque intermixtis viscido-vil-
losula, pilis longioribus laxe patulis plurilocularibus pallidis; flores in
axillis fasciculati pauci vel numerosi, pedicellis gracilibus 2.5-5 cm.
longis dense pilis laxis patulis villosis; calyx florifer ca. 13 mm. longus,
in statu fructifero auctus et baccam arete involvens, profunde, saepe
fere ad basin, lobatus, dense viscido-villosus, segmentis e basi late
ovata attenuato-acuminatis; corolla fere rotata extus dense villosa
fere 1.5 cm. longa, profunde lobata, segmentis ovali-ovatis sub-
obtusis intus glabris; filamenta antheris subaequilonga puberula,
antheris oblongis crassis 4.5 mm. longis rimis lateralibus dehiscentibus
apice subemarginatis glabris; stylus gracilis dense puberulus; bacca
subglobosa ca. 1.5 cm. diam. glabra, apice late rotundata; semina
subglobosa luteo-brunnea 1.5 mm. diam., dense foveolata sublucida.
Guatemala: Dept. Zacapa: Pine-covered canyon bordering Rio
Lima, Sierra de las Minas, below Finca Alexandria, alt. 2,000 meters,
October 14, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 30004 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.); corolla with spreading lobes, pale yellow-cream with olive-
green spots around the base; anthers brownish black; fruit orange.
Marked by the large, deeply cordate leaves, suggestive of those
of some species of Cyphomandra, and by the very large flowers and
fruits and deeply lobed calyx.

Brunfelsia nyctaginoides Standl. Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 22:
47. 1940. Described only recently from Volcan de Tacana, Chiapas,
Mexico, this plant was collected several times during early 1940 in
the mountains of extreme western Guatemala, where it is abundant
locally, and exceedingly showy. It is, in fact, one of the most beauti-
ful and conspicuous plants of the region, because of its great abun-
dance of large, brilliantly colored flowers. When the species was
described, its author was doubtful regarding its generic position,
and some of this doubt still persists, in spite of the ample specimens
now available for study. As a matter of fact, the plant appears to
be something of a connecting link between the genera Browallia,
Brunfelsia, and Streptosolen, but probably best placed, after all, in
Brunfelsia. The flower color and somewhat woody habit seem to
exclude it from Browallia, whose species are normally annuals.
Brunfelsia nyctaginoides closely resembles Streptosolen in general
appearance and habit, but in that genus the corolla tube is definitely
curved, and near the base it is slightly twisted. The corolla tube of
the Guatemalan plant can scarcely be said to be curved, but in most
of the pressed and dried flowers it is perfectly straight, and at the
base it is not at all twisted. The following new collections may be

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 377

placed on record: Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: In mixed forest
bordering barranco, between town of Tajumulco and Tecutla, north-
western slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800-2,500 meters,
February 27, 1940, Steyermark 36747; a large, climbing herb; corolla
tube orange with greenish at the base, the lobes vermilion flame-
scarlet, the orifice orange; leaves membranaceous, dull green above,
pale beneath. In sun or shade, along Quebrada Canjula, between
Sibinal and Canjula, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,200-2,500 meters,
February 18, 1940, Steyermark 36016; a sprangling half-shrub, half-
climbing; leaves olive-grass-green; corolla scarlet, the orifice golden
yellow. Common at higher elevations in Abies forest, between San
Sebastian and Todos Santos, upper slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco,
alt. 3,000-3,800 meters, March 1, 1940, Steyermark 36950; herba-
ceous. It may be noted that the color of the corolla is almost identical
with that reported for Streptosolen Jamesonii, an Ecuador plant
sometimes grown for ornament in California and elsewhere.

Cyphomandra Rojasiana Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
3-metralis, ramis teretibus dense minute puberulis vel subhirtellis,
pilis brevibus rectangule patulis, nodis in sicco constrictis; folia
inaequalia longipetiolata firme membranacea integra, petiolo usque
8.5 cm. longo minute denseque hirtello; lamina asymmetrice lateque
ovata 12-22 cm. longa et 9-14 cm. lata vel ultra, abrupte breviter
acuminata vel subobtusa, basi inaequali profunde angusteque cor-
data, sinu lato vel angusto aperto, lobis posticis late rotundatis,
supra in sicco intense viridis vel subfusca minutissime sparse pu-
berula, ad costam nervosque minute dense hirtella, subtus concolor,
saltern ad nervos breviter hirtella, costa crassa, nervis lateralibus
utroque latere ca. 6, venis laxe reticulatis inconspicuis; inflores-
centiae axillares umbelliformes ca. 4-florae, pedunculo gracili fere
2 cm. longo viscido-puberulo, pedicellis gracilibus 8-15 mm. longis
vel in statu fructifero usque 3 cm. vel ultra dense glanduloso-puberu-
lis; calyx ca. 3 mm. longus et 5 mm. latus basi acutus extus sparse
glanduloso-puberulus, lobis late triangularibus vel rotundo-ovatis
obtusis vel apice fere rotundatis ad margines dense tomentellis;
corolla in alabastro late ovoidea ca. 7 mm. longa extus fere glabra
sed ad margines segmentorum dense hirtella, ad anthesin ca. 14 mm.
longa fere ad basin lobata, lobis lanceolato-oblongis apicem sub-
obtusum versus angustatis, intus glabris, paten tibus; antherae fere
sessiles oblongae 5 mm. longae crassae glabrae, apice poris 2 magnis
dehiscentes; bacca immatura ellipsoidea 3.5 cm. longa fere 2 cm. lata
apice acutata, basin versus paullo angustata, sessilis, primo dense

378 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

minuteque hirtella, glabrescens. Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepequez:
In ravine, Finca Moca, alt. 990 meters, October 20, 1934, Alexander
F. Skutch 1472 (type in Herb. Field Mus.); a straggling shrub to 3
meters high; stems and foliage with a sickening scent; petals green
on the outer surface, bronze on the inner; fruit yellow, aromatic.
Dept. Quezaltenango : In thickets on forested slopes, lower, south-
facing slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Finca Pireneos and
Los Positos, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache", alt.
1,300-1,500 meters, January 8, 1940, Steyermark 33743; a shrub of
3 meters; leaves firmly membranaceous, dark green above, light
grass-green beneath; outside of corolla lobes green, the inside purple,
shining and bordered with green; anthers light buff-orange; fruit
light yellow with rich green stripes and splotches at the apex, pointed
at each end, 5 cm. long, 3 cm. broad.

The type was distributed as Cyphomandra betacea Sendtn., a
South American species, the so-called tree tomato, which sometimes
is cultivated in Central American gardens. C. Rojasiana is named
for Professor Ulises Rojas. It is related to C. costaricensis Bonn.
Smith, a species common along the Atlantic coast of Central America
from Honduras to Panama. In the latter the anthers are much
shorter than those of C. Rojasiana, and they are densely viscid-
puberulent or papillose rather than glabrous. The corolla of C.
costaricensis, also, is much narrower in bud, and much longer in
anthesis.

Lycianthes vulpina Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 4: 321. 1929.
Described from the Lancetilla Valley near Tela, Atlantic coast of
Honduras, this vine has been found several times on the Atlantic
slope of Honduras, and also in British Honduras. Naturally to be
expected from the intervening coast of northern Guatemala, it may
now be reported definitely from the last country: Dept. Izabal: Wet
forest, Escoba, across the bay from Puerto Barrios, at sea level,
Standley 72917; a coarse, subscandent, branched shrub, the corolla
purplish white.

Solatium celsum Standl. & Morton, Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 18:
1077. 1938. Based upon Skutch 2364 from El General, Costa Rica,
at 950 meters. A recent collection from Panama represents the
same species: Cana-Cuasi trail, Camp 2, Chepigana District, Prov.
DarieX alt. 600 meters, March, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry 1498.
A shrub of 2.5-4.5 meters. The specimen bears globose fruits 8 mm.
in diameter.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 379

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Berendtia rugosa (Benth.) Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 380.
1868. Diplacus rugosus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 368. 1846. B.
Ihiesbrechtii Gray, loc. cit. The genus Berendtia consists of four
pecies, all of which were described from Mexico, and have been
eported only from that country. The present species, however,
xtends into western Guatemala: Dept. Huehuetenango: Rocky
nountain side, Chiantla, alt. 2,100-2,400 meters, Skutch 1134. Near

hiantla, brushy, rocky slope, Standley 65667; a shrub of 1.5 meters;
:orolla red. Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, above Chiantla, dry or
inoist, shaded cliffs, alt. 1,950-2,550 meters, Standley 65633, 65660;

shrub of 1-1.5 meters, very viscid, frequent in this region.

Ghiesbreghtia grandiflora Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 630.
873. The genus is monotypic, based upon material collected in
:he dry region of Chiapas, Mexico. In Guatemala it was collected
many years ago by Heyde and Lux at San Miguel Uspantan, Quiche*.
Apparently the tree is a rare one, and it is worth while to place on
"ecord a new collection, which extends considerably the known
range: Guatemala: Dept. Chiquimula, along Rio Taco, between
Chiquimula and Montana Barriol, 3-15 miles northwest of Chi-
quimula, alt. 500-1,200 meters, October, 1939, Steyermark 30666; a
tree of 6 meters. The specimens are in fruit.

Russelia laciniata Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex 60-90
cm. altus ramosus, ramis gracillimis omnibus teretibus pallide viridi-
bus glabris nodosis, internodiis elongatis; folia modica opposita
sessilia vel vix 2 mm. longe petiolata ovata vel saepius late rhom-
bico-ovata 5-8 cm. longa plerumque 2-5 cm. lata acuminata vel
longiacuminata, infra medium vulgo basin versus plus minusve
cuneato-angustata, basi ipsa late cuneata usque subrotundata,
crasse membranacea, margine fere ubique saltern supra partem
tertiam infimam profunde inciso-dentato vel laciniato-dentato,
dentibus vel laciniis plerumque anguste triangulari-lanceolatis usque
8 mm. longis attenuatis vel acuminatis, subrecurvis, petiolo minute
piloso vel puberulo; lamina in sicco supra griseo-viridis ad nervos
venasque scaberulo-puberula, venis prominulis arete reticulatis,
subtus fere concolor, fere glabra sed ad costam nervosque pilis paucis
inconspicuis incurvis obsita, costa tenerrima, nervis lateralibus ten-
eris prominentibus arcuatis, venis prominentibus et arete reticulatis;
inflorescentia bene evoluta non visa, floribus ut videtur paucis brevi-
ter pedicellatis; sepala inaequalia 4-7 mm. longa glabra vel glabrata

380 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

lanceolata vel ovata cuspidato-acuminata; capsula late ovoidea
glabra brunnescens ca. 6 mm. longa, apice abrupte in rostrum rigidum
ca. 3 mm. longum contracta. Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos, above
Finca El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus to within two miles of Cueva de
las Palomas, south-facing slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300- '
1,500 meters, March 16, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 37982 (type
in Herb. Field Mus.); leaves membranaceous, light grass-green on
both sides.

The material, unfortunately, is incomplete, only two flowers, in;
fruiting state, being present on the specimen. The foliage is so unlike
that of any other Russelia we have seen, especially in its deeply
laciniate leaf margins with somewhat outcurved laciniations, that
we have no hesitancy in describing the plant as a new species.

Veronica arvensis L. Sp. PI. 13. 1753. A common weed in
many parts of the United States and Canada, this European plant
apparently is not recorded from Central America. One recent col-
lection has been made in Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango: Procum-
bent in open meadow, scarce, Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa
Elena, alt. 2,700 meters, December, 1938, Standley 58684.

BIGNONIACEAE

Jacaranda Gopaia (Aubl.) D. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 9: 267.
1823. Bignonia Copaia Aubl. PL Guian. 650. pi. 265. 1775. Seibert
in his recent excellent account of the Bignoniaceae of the Maya Area
(Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 522: 387. 1940) does not report this;
handsome tree from Guatemala. It has been known to occur in
British Honduras and from Nicaragua southward to northern South
America. One sterile collection attests the presence of the species
in Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Between Virginia and Lago de Izabal,
Montana del Mico, alt. 50-500 meters, Steyermark 38872; a shrub;
leaves membranaceous, grass-green above, pale green beneath.

ACANTHACEAE

Aphelandra Heydeana Donn. Smith, Bot. Gaz. 18: 209. 1893. i
-Heyde & Lux 4037 from Chupadero, Dept. Santa Rosa,Guate- ,
mala, at 1,500 meters, is the type of this species, which is confined
to Guatemala, and apparently not common there, at least in regions '
where recent collections have been made. The following new collec-
tions are available: Dept. Guatemala, Ignacio Aguilar 303. Dept. I
Santa Rosa, damp forest near Oratorio, alt. 1,200 meters, Standley
60671; a shrub of 1.5 meters, the corolla scarlet.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 381

Aphelandra speciosa Brandeg. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196.
1915. The species was described from Chiapas, Mexico, and has
been known only from that country. It is, however, common in
forests of western Guatemala, where it is an exceptionally handsome
and showy plant. Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepe'quez: In woodland,
Finca Moca, alt. 990 meters, W. C. Muenscher 12452. Dept. Quezal-
tenango: Near Calahuache', alt. 1,020 meters, damp forest, Standley
67128. Finca Pireneos, below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,350
meters, damp, dense forest, Standley 68220, 68327, 68336, 68334; a
simple shrub 1-1.5 meters high. Dept. San Marcos: Finca Vergel,
near Rodeo, alt. 900 meters, wet forest, Standley 68934, 68969,
68954; a simple shrub a meter high; bracts bright red. Volcan de
Tajumulco, above Finca El Porvenir, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyer-
mark 37220; local name Flor de Mayo; leaves firmly membranaceous,
dark green above, pale green beneath; bracts coral-red.

Aphelandra Terryae Standl., sp. nov. Frutex 60-120 cm. altus
ramosus, ramis teretibus sordido-ochraceis dense pilis sordidis vel
fulvescentibus brevibus adscendentibus vel patulis pilosis, internodiis
brevibus; folia breviter petiolata membranacea, petiolo crasso 3-7
mm. longo dense piloso; lamina oblanceolato-oblonga 6-12 cm. longa
2-4 cm. lata acuminata, basin angustam versus longe sensimque
attenuato-angustata, supra in sicco fusco-viridis, ad costam pilis
longiusculis hirsuta, aliter glabra vel glabrata, subtus vix pallidior
ad costam nervosque sparse vel densiuscule pilosa, aliter fere glabra,
costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus angulo lato adscendenti-
bus arcuatis; spicae terminales simplices corollis exclusis 5-8.5 cm.
longae et paullo ultra 1 cm. latae densissime multiflorae; bracteae
arete imbricatae late ovali-ovatae vel rotundo-obovatae 1 cm. longae
vel paullo breviores, infimae interdum viridescentes et mucronulatae,
ceterae apice late rotundatae et muticae, intus dense sericeae, extus
sparse vel dense praesertim prope costam sericeae vel interdum gla-
bratae, fere omnes utroque latere paullo supra medium glandulis
paucis parvis orbicularibus arete aggregatis onustae, bracteolis lance-
olato-oblongis striatis ca. 7 mm. longis acuminatis minute pilosulis;
calycis segmenta lineari-lanceolata subulato-attenuata bracteolis
aequilonga; corolla ut dicitur coccinea 4.5-5.5 cm. longa in alabastro
longe attenuato-acuminata extus dense pilis minutis laxis pilosula,
tubo 2.5-3.5 cm. longo sursum sensim dilatato, fauce 7 mm. lato,
labio superiore ca. 2 cm. longo acuminate dorso paullo concavo,
inferiore subaequilongo trilobo, lobis anguste acuminatis; antherae
5-6 mm. longae; capsula immatura oblonga glabra lucida, apice in

382 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

stylum abrupte contracta. Panama: Tucuti, Chepigana District,
Prov. Darie"n, near sea level, March 5, 1940, M. E. & R. A. Terry
1377 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

In Leonard's key to species of Aphelandra in Flora of Costa Rica
(Bot. Ser. Field Mus. 18: 1193. 1938) this would run at once to
A. Sinclairiana Nees, a species to which it bears little resemblance.
In general appearance A. Terry ae is similar to A. Deppeana Nees,
but that has dentate bracts.

RUBIACEAE

Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standl. N. Amer. Fl. 32: 110. 1921.
Catesbaea erecta DC. Prodr. 4: 401. 1830. Hedyotis spinescens Sess
& Moc. Fl. Mex. 22. 1893. In North American Flora this small
Mexican shrub is reported only from the State of Puebla, but two
collections not then accessible indicate that its range is somewhat
wider: Maltrata, Veracruz, May, 1937, Matuda 1338. Cordillera of
Oaxaca, in 1840, Galeotti 2637. There is in the Herbarium of Field
Museum an excellent specimen of Sesse & Mocino 560, received
from Madrid, that agrees perfectly with Puebla collections. This
specimen bears the collectors' name Hedyotis spinescens, and is
evidently part of the type.

Bouvardia nubigena Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex
metralis ramosus omnino glaber, ramis sordide ochraceis subteretibus
rimosis; vagina stipularis brevis longicuspidata et interdum paucia-
ristata; folia opposita petiolata in sicco crassiuscula et subrigida,
petiolo 4-8 mm. longo; lamina ovata usque late ovata vel interdum
subrhombeo-ovata, 3-5 cm. longa 1.5-3 cm. lata, acuminata vel
longiacuminata, basi obtusa usque rotundata, saepe abrupte con-
tracta et decurrens, supra vix lucida, costa nervisque impressis, sub- '
tus paullo pallidior, costa prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque |
latere saepius 4 arcuatis angulo angusto adscendentibus, venis obso-
letis; flores ad apicem rami umbellati et 3-4 vel in cymas parvas j
paucifloras dispositi, pedicellis usque 1 cm. longis sed vulgo breviori-
bus; hypanthium obovoideum 3 mm. longum basi obtusum vel I
acutiusculum ; sepala anguste linearia viridia in anthesi 6-7 mm.
longa, in statu fructifero usque 10 mm. longa, ad margines remote j
scaberula; corolla coccinea glabra, tubo gracili 2 cm. longo 2 mm.
lato, superne paullo dilatato et ad 3 mm. lato, lobis ovato-oblongis sub-
erectis 4 mm. longis obtusis; capsula subdidymo-globosa ca. 8 mm. J
lata et 6 mm. alta, basi late rotundata. Guatemala: Dept. Jutiapa,
lower edge of cloud forest on Volcan de Suchitan, northwest of Asun-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 383

ion Mita, alt. 2,050 meters, November 18, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark
S1901 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Shrubby, 4 feet tall; flowers scarlet; leaves dull green above, pale
Beneath. The nearest relative of this species is Bouvardia laevis
vlart. & Gal., of southern Mexico. The Guatemalan plant has much
)roader, thicker leaves, and a relatively compact inflorescence.

Bouvardia Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Suffrutex 30 cm.
kltus vel ultra omnino glaber sparse ramosus, ramis gracilibus sed
igidis subteretibus pallidis, internodiis foliis brevioribus vel rare
ongioribus; stipulae triangulari-subulatae 1.5-2 mm. longae; folia
brevissime petiolata subcoriacea patentia vel adscendentia, petiolo
irassiusculo vix ultra 3 mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-linearis 3-4.5
jm. longa 3-5 mm. lata apicem fere subulatum versus longe angus-
;eque attenuata, basi acuta vel acuminata, supra sublucida, costa
mpressa, nervis occultis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera prominula,
nervis obsoletis, margine revoluto; flores albi fragrantes in cymas
terminales foliatas densas paucifloras dispositi, pedicellis rigidis ple-
rumque 7-10 mm. longis; hypanthium obovoideum 2 mm. longum
basi obtusum; sepala foliacea lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata ad
^.nthesin ca. 7 mm. longa sed in statu fructifero usque 15 mm. longa,
longiattenuata viridia basi angustata; corolla extus glabra, tubo
gracillimo ca. 33 mm. longo et 1.2 mm. lato sursum vix dilatato et
fauce 2 mm. tantum lato, lobis patentibus ovato-oblongis ca. 8 mm.
longis et 4 mm. latis acutiusculis intus glabris; capsula subdidymo-
globosa ca. 6 mm. longa et aequilata basi rotundata. Guatemala:
Dept. Zacapa, forested slopes, Sierra de las Minas, near summit of
mountain, between Rio Hondo and Finca Alejandria, alt. 1,700-2,000
meters, October 11, 1939, Julian A. Steyermark 29671 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.). Dept. Jalapa, top of ridge near Minas de Croma,
northeast of Jalapa, alt. 1,500-1,700 meters, December 12, 1939,
Julian A. Steyermark 33110 (sterile, but probably to be referred here).

In the key to species of Bouvardia in North American Flora (32 :
100. 1921), the plant runs at once to B. erecta (DC.) Standl., of
Mexico. That differs conspicuously in general appearance from B.
Steyermarkii because of its numerous short, stout, divaricate branches
that tend to become spinose, and on account of its much smaller
leaves. The sepals of the Mexican species are much smaller.

Chiococca oaxacana Standl., sp. nov. Kami graciles teretes
ochracei vel pallide brunnescentes, novellis viridibus dense puberulis,
internodiis brevibus vel elongatis; stipulae virides persistentes alte

384 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

connatae ca. 3 mm. longae, vagina lata et fere truncata abrupte in
cuspidem aequilongum contracta; folia inter minora petiolata sub-
coriacea, petiolo gracili 6-13 mm. longo puberulo; lamina lanceolato-
oblonga 5-6.5 cm. longa 1.5-2 cm. lata apicem obtusiusculum versus
paullo angustata, basin attenuatam versus sensim angustata, supra
viridis lucida glabra, costa nervisque baud elevatis, subtus pallidior
densiuscule patulo-hirtella, costa gracili prominente, nervis laterali-
bus utroque latere 4-5 vix prominulis obliquis, venis obsoletis; flores
racemosi, racemis simplicibus vel ramosis axillaribus singulis foliis
fere aequilongis longipedunculatis, pedunculo usque 3 cm. longo,
ramis pedicellisque dense breviter pilosulis, pedicellis usque 3 mm.
longis, racemis paucifloris, bracteis minutis late ovatis; hypanthium
ovale fere 2 mm. longum dense hirtellum, calyce 1 mm. longo breviter
dentato, dentibus late ovato-deltoideis obtusis erectisglabratis; fruc-
tus immaturus 4 mm. longus suborbicularis paullo compressus sparse
hirtellus. Mexico: Cerro San Antonio, State of Oaxaca, alt. 1,650
meters, June 26, 1906, C. Conzatti 1418 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).
Principally because it was assumed that all Mexican Chiococcas
with pubescent foliage belonged to a single species, this collection
has been referred by the writer to C. pubescens Standl. That species,
however, differs in having relatively much broader, ovate or broadly
ovate leaves, very obtuse to broadly rounded at the base, and more
or less hirtellous on the upper surface. Its inflorescences, too, are
smaller, mostly simple, and few-flowered.

In North American Flora (32: 286. 1934) the range of C. pubescens
is given as "Tamaulipas, Puebla, and Oaxaca." The last state
probably should be excluded from the range, since the reference per-
tains presumably to C. oaxacana. At the present time only the
following collections of C. pubescens are at hand: Mexico: San Luis
Tultitlanapa, Puebla, Pur pus 3334, type collection. Victoria,
Tamaulipas, alt. 320 meters, Palmer 136. El Milagro, Sierra de
San Carlos, Tamaulipas, Bartlett 11178.

Deppea inaequalis Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex 1-1.5
m. altus ramosus, ramis gracilibus teretibus, vetustioribus ochraceis,
novellis viridescentibus, omnibus in sicco roseo tinctis, novellis
minutissime puberulis, internodiis brevibus vel interdum elongatis;
stipulae minutae deciduae late triangulares vix ultra 0.5 mm. longae;
folia opposita modica petiolata tenuiter membranacea inaequalia,
petiolo gracili usque 12 mm. longo sed saepe fere nullo minutissime
puberulo; lamina ovato-lanceolata usque anguste lanceolata vel
elliptico-lanceolata vulgo 5-12 cm. longa et 2-4 cm. lata longiacu-

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 385

linata, acumine sensim angustato interdum subfalcato, basin versus

aepius subabrupte contracta et longe angusteque interdum fere ad

asin petioli attenuata, supra viridis sparse pilis brevibus laxis con-

persa, costa nervisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior sparse

linute puberula vel glabra, costa tenera vix elevata, nervis lateralibus

itroque latere ca. 7 arcuatis angulo lato adscendentibus marginem

bre attingentibus; flores parvi cymosi, cymis laxe paucifloris ut

ridetur interdum recurvis reductis et fere umbelliformibus, pedun-

uilis gracillimis usque 5 cm. longis sed saepius 1-2 cm. longis, pedi-

jiellis gracillimis minute sparseque puberulis usque 8 mm. longis,

Dracteis minutis; hypanthium late obovoideum ca. 1 mm. longum

;}asi acutiusculum sparse et fere microscopice puberulum vel fere

jlabrum; sepala viridia maxime inaequalia, unum vulgo multo minus

!fet 1.5-2 mm. tantum longum, alia 3 ca. 4-7 mm. longa linearia usque

anceolata fere glabra; corolla in alabastro acuta extus sparse minute

puberula, expansa ca. 4 mm. longa, tubo brevissimo, lobis oblongo-

pvatis intus glabris; antherae oblongae acutiusculae ca. 2.3 mm.

longae subexsertae; capsula immatura ovalis ca. 3 mm. longa costata

feparse minute puberula vel fere glabra. Guatemala: Dept. San

Marcos: Above Finca El Porvenir, along Rio Cabus to within two

miles of Cueva de las Palomas, south-facing slopes of Volcan de

Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, March 16, 1940, Julian A. Steyer-

mark 37974 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Also No. 37947 from the

same locality.

Leaves membranaceous, olive-green above, pale green beneath;
corolla white; calyx pale green; growing on the dry, lower slopes.
The acute (in bud) corolla indicates that the plant is related to
Deppea cornifolia Benth., but in that the calyx lobes are minute,
triangular, and shorter than the hypanthium.

Gonzalagunia exaltata Standl., sp. nov. Arbor 18-metralis,
trunco 30 cm. diam., ramis teretibus brunnescentibus glabratis,
novellis sparse adpresso-pilosis, internodiis abbreviatis; stipulae
persistentes e basi ovata longe setaceo-attenuatae usque 1.5 cm.
longae strigosae, glabrescentes; folia modica vel majuscula breviter
petiolata membranacea, petiolo 6-20 mm. longo, interdum fere ad
basin marginato, pilis longis adpresso-piloso; lamina oblanceolato-
oblonga 11-21 cm. longa 3.5-6 cm. lata abrupte longe angusteque
caudato-acuminata, acumine interdum subfalcato, basin versus longe
sensimque attenuata et ad petiolum decurrens, supra in sicco viridis
primo laxe adpresso-pilosa sed cito glabrescens et glaberrima, costa
nervisque non elevatis, subtus paullo pallidior sparse pilis longis

386 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

laxis pallidis adpressis pilosa, in statu adulto glabrata, costa tenera
prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 15 subarcuatis
tenerrimis obliquis marginem fere attingentibus, venis obscuris sub- .
impressis; paniculae terminales sessiles vel breviter pedunculatae
thyrsiformes et angustissimae 14-16 cm. longae et 2.5 cm. latae i
dense multiflorae, rhachi crassa dense longipilosa, floribus sessilibus
in cymulas parvas sessiles vel brevissime pedunculatas plurifloras
vel multifloras aggregatis, bracteis linearibus vel lineari-lanceolatis
viridescentibus parvis inconspicuis; hypanthium globosum virides- ;
cens vix ad 1 mm. longum sparse pilosulum vel glabratum; calyx 4-
lobus vix ultra 1 mm. longus pallide viridis, lobis ovatis acuminatis
fere glabris; corolla alba extus fere glabra et tantum basi loborum i
sparse pilis albis gracillimis pilosula, tubo gracili ca. 6 mm. longo
sursum vix dilatato, lobis 4 subrotundatis intus glabris; antherae
inclusae; ovarium 4-loculare. Costa Rica: Beside river, basin of El
General, Prov. San Jose", alt. 675-900 meters, March, 1940, Alexander

F. Skutch 4747 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

So far as I know, no other species of the genus has been reported
as attaining such a height as the present tree. The species is charac-
terized by the combination of almost glabrous, very long-attenuate
leaves and small, nearly glabrous corollas.

Paederia ciliata (Bartl.) Standl., comb. nov.Lygodysodea
ciliata Bartl. in DC. Prodr. 4: 470. 1830. Rondektia volubilis Sess
& Moc. loc. cit. in syn. L. mexicana DC. loc. cit. in syn. Rondeletia
volubilis Sess4 & Moc. PI. Nov. Hisp. 36. 1887. Paederia Pringlei
Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 92. 1903. In Trees and Shrubs of
Mexico (Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1392. 1926), Paederia Pringlei
was reported only from the Mexican states of Guerrero and Morelos.
Recent collections show that it has a somewhat wider range: Mexico:
State of Mexico: Chorrera, Distr. Temascaltepec, alt. 1,230 meters,

G. B. Hinton 1195, 8078, 7234. Salitre, Distr. Temascaltepec, alt.
910 meters, a vine on cliffs, Hinton 4738. Without locality, Sesse &
Mocino 1393. The Sess and Mocino collection is the type of Ron-
deletia volubilis.

Psychotria tnima Standl., sp. nov. Frutex 4-metralis, ramis
gracilibus viridibus subteretibus glabris; stipulae virides persistentes
erectae et adpressae 5-6 mm. longae profunde bifidae, segmentis
semiovatis obtusis; folia magna breviter petiolata firme membrana-
cea, petiolo gracili 1.8-3.5 cm. longo glabro; lamina late elliptica
usque oblongo-elliptica 15-25 cm. longa 8-14.5 cm. lata abrupte vel
subabrupte acutata, apice ipso subacuto, basi obtusa vel cuneata,

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 387

.ope vel paullo supra medium latissima, glabra, supra in sicco
[tense viridis, costa basin versus impressa, nervis venisque non
levatis, subtus paullo pallidior, costa tenera prominente, nervis
Lteralibus utroque latere ca. 11 solemniter arcuatis tenerrimis angulo
acto vel fere recto abeuntibus prominentibus prope marginem junc-
is venis prominulis tenerrimis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia termi-
laiis paniculata magna 12 cm. longe pedunculata ca. 23 cm. longa
It basi 15 cm. lata subpyramidalis laxissime multiflora, ramis abrupte
ieflexis gracilibus minute hirtellis omnibus basi bracteatis, bracteis
nfimis 7-8 mm. longis lineari-lanceolatis viridibus persistentibus,
ioribus sessilibus in cymulas parvas paucifloras dispositis, bracteis
tymularum minutis; hypanthium vix ad 1 mm. longum minute pube-
Hilum, calyce vix 0.3 mm. alto minute denticulate; corolla extus
tninute puberula vel hirtella in alabastro obtusa infundibuliformis
j>-7 mm. longa, tubo basi crassiusculo infra medium abrupte in
i'aucem urceolatum dilatato, ore aliquanto angustato, lobis vix ultra
| mm. longis late deltoideis subobtusis erectis; antherae inclusae.
Dosta Rica: In forest, vicinity of Pejivalle, Prov. Cartago, alt. 600-
350 meters, January, 1940, Alexander F. Skutch 4589 (type in Herb.
Field Mus.); flowers pale yellow; fruit blue (no fruits are present
tvith the type specimen).

In general appearance Psychotria mima is strikingly like P. soli-
tudinum Standl., collected by Dr. Skutch at El General, Costa Rica.
[in that species, however, the branches of the panicle are not deflexed,
and the corolla in bud is conspicuously 5-tuberculate at the apex; in
P. mima there is no indication of any such tubercles.

Psychotria Steyermarkii Standl., sp. nov. Frutex 0.5-1.5 m.
altus ramosus, ramis gracilibus teretibus ochraceis, novellis dense
pilis patulis pallidis pilosis, internodiis brevibus; stipulae fere liberae
8-9 mm. longae erectae subpersistentes fere ad basin bilobae, lobis
linearibus vel fere subulatis attenuatis, basi puberulae; folia modica
vel subparva petiolata membranacea, petiolo vulgo 1-2 cm. longo sed

Imterdum multo breviore minute patulo-piloso ; lamina anguste
oblongo-lanceolata usque fere lineari-oblonga 5-14 cm. longa 1.5-2.5
cm. lata longe angusteque attenuato-acuminata, basin acutam vel
acuminatam versus longe attenuata, supra in sicco viridis tantum

I ad costam densiuscule pilosa, costa nervisque prominulis, subtus
pallidior ad costam nervosque breviter sordido-pilosula vel puberula,

! costa tenera prominente, nervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 23,
nervo altero tenuiore inter quamque parem saliente, tenerrimis promi-
nulis angulo fere recto divergentibus juxta marginem junctis, venis

388 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

paucis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis sed in-
terdum pseudolateralis ut videtur interdum recurva usque 3.5 cm.
longe pedunculata cymosa e basi trichotoma, ca. 3 cm. longa et
aequilata, ramis omnibus basi bracteatis glabris vel glabratis, basali-
bus suberectis rectis, floribus subcapitatim in capitula pauca saepe
tantum 3 aggregates sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, bracteis
infimis foliaceis lineari-lanceolatis ca. 1 cm. longis acuminato-
attenuatis, superioribus ca. 7-8 mm. longis elliptico-oblongis acutis
concavis et subadpressis glabris vel glabratis; calyx ad apicem fructus
persistens 1.5-2 mm. longus ad medium vel profundius dentatus,
dentibus erectis ovatis acutis glabris; fructus subglobosus 4 mm.
longus glaber, pyrenis dorso grosse obtuseque costatis. Guatemala:
Dept. Quezaltenango: On ridge, lower, south-facing slopes of Volcan
de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache",
along great barranco between Finca Pireneos and San Juan Patzulin,
alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, January 6, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 33700
(type in Herb. Field Mus.) ; a small, suffrutescent shrub of 60-90 cm.;
leaves thin, dark, dull green above, pale gray-green beneath. Moist
banks, along Quebrada San Geronimo, Finca Pireneos, alt. 1,300-
2,000 meters, January 1-2, 1940, Steyermark 33461; a shrub of 1.5
meters; fruit oblong-ovoid, ultramarine blue-purple.

The species is a somewhat isolated one, not closely related to any
other of Guatemala, or to any Mexican one.

Rondeletia niexicana (Turcz.) Standl., comb. nov. Siphon-
andra mexicana Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 21, pt. 1: 581. 1848.
Rondeletia oaxacana Standl. Field Mus. Bot. 11: 255. 1936. Both
the names cited are based upon the same collection, Galeotti 2664 bis,
from Oaxaca, Mexico, at 900 meters. Bentham and Hooker, like all
other authors, apparently, reduced Siphonandra to the synonymy
of Chiococca, a quite different genus. Who first made the reduction,
I do not know, but it is repeated, of course, by the writer in North
American Flora (32: 289. 1934). The original description of Siphon-
andra is certainly misleading in many respects, so much so that one
wonders whether it really could have been based upon the Galeotti
collection, which is represented in the Herbarium of Field Museum
by a photograph of a specimen in the Delessert Herbarium, and by a
fragment of the type of Rondeletia oaxacana, from the Paris Herbar-
ium. The description of the corolla and calyx of Siphonandra as
sericeous would exclude the plant definitely from the genus Chiococca,
and the description of other parts of the plant agrees no better with
a Chiococca than a Rondeletia. Since there is no reason for supposing

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 389

ihat Galeotti distributed more than one species under the number
>ited, it may safely be assumed that Turczinanow was describing the
ame plant that I named Rondeletia oaxacana, but described it most
naccurately.

Rudgea simiarum Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Arbor 6-
netralis omnino glabra, ramulis crassiusculis subteretibus ochraceis,
lovellis pallide viridibus, internodiis brevibus; stipulae persistentes
n vaginam truncatam obscure mucronatam 2.5-3 mm. altam con-
iiatae, vagina intus dense hirsuta, pilis breviter exsertis; folia modica
breviter petiolata subcoriacea, petiolo gracili vel crassiusculo 8-15
mm. longo; lamina lanceolato-oblonga usque elliptico-oblonga vulgo
prope medium latissima 7-16 cm. longa 2.5-7 cm. lata subabrupte
^ongiacuminata, acumine anguste attenuate, basi acuta vel saepius
subabrupte aliquanto contracta et longe decurrens, supra in sicco
fusco-brunnescens lucida, costa nervisque prominentibus, venis vix
prominulis laxe reticulatis, subtus pallidior, costa tenera prominente,
pervis lateralibus utroque latere ca. 8 arcuatis tenerrimis prominulis
langulo semirecto vel paullo latiore adscendentibus juxta marginem
junctis, venis prominulis laxe reticulatis; inflorescentia terminalis
jcymoso-corymbiformis dense pauciflora 2-3.5 cm. longe pedunculata,
icorollis exclusis 2-2.5 cm. lata, basi 3- vel pluriradiata, ramis brevibus
crassis rectis vel curvis basi nudis sed alte supra basin minute brac-
teatis, floribus sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, pedicellis crassis-
simis apice articulatis; hypanthium late columnare vix 1 mm. altum
et aequilatum vel latius, calyce fere marginiformi 0.5 mm. alto
truncate remote minutissime denticulate; corolla alba in alabastro
apice obtusa et exappendiculata, tubo 10-11 mm. longo sursum sen-
sim paullo dilatato fauce 3-3.5 mm. late, lobis ca. 8 mm. longis lin-
eari-lanceolatis apicem subobtusum versus sensim attenuatis intus
glabris patentibus vel recurvis; antherae fere toto exsertae lineares
3 mm. longae. Guatemala: Dept. Izabal: Between Virginia and
Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico, alt. 50-500 meters, April 5, 1940,
Julian A. Steyermark 38839 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

Fresh leaves subcoriaceous, dull, dark green above, dull green
beneath; peduncles light green; flowers white. Although the generic
position of the plant as here treated is not altogether satisfactory,
the species seems more properly referable to Rudgea than to any
other related group. The stipules do not have the indurate or fleshy
appendages that characterize the genus Rudgea, but it may be
assumed that the dense hairs on the inner surface of the stipule sheath
are modifications of them. Otherwise the plant must be treated as a

390 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

species of Psychotria, with none of whose Central American repre-
sentatives does it seem closely related.

LOBELIACEAE

Lobelia aguana Wimmer, Repert. Sp. Nov. 38: 86. 1935.
The type, in the Herbarium of Field Museum, was collected on
Volcan de Agua, Guatemala, at 3,150 meters, Kellerman 7502. The
plant is much like Lobelia laxiflora HBK., but with more abundant
and much larger, more brilliantly colored flowers. It is, in fact, one
of the handsomest and showiest of all Central American Lobeliaceae,
which is saying a great deal. The following recent collections show
that the species ranges rather widely: Mexico: Volcan de Tacana,
western slopes, alt. 2,800 meters, Matuda 2893. Guatemala: Dept.
San Marcos: Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 3,000 meters, in 1934, K. P.
Schmidt. Dept. Quezaltenango: Pine-Abies forest, Volcan de Zunil,
alt. 2,500-3,800 meters, Steyermark 34738; corolla bright red with
yellow at the base; leaves firmly membranaceous, dull green above,
pale green beneath; calyx grass-green, with purplish on one side.
Moist, dense forest, mountains southeast of Palestina, alt. 2,700
meters, Standley 66323; a simple herb 1-1.5 meters high; corolla
yellowish red. Dept. Sacatepe*quez: In damp, mixed or pine forest,
slopes of Volcan de Agua above Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 2,250-
3,000 meters, Standley 65234, 65091; a simple herb 1-2 meters high,
common at higher elevations; corolla bright red and yellow. Dept.
San Marcos: Along road between San Sebastian at km. 21 and
km. 8, 8-18 miles northwest of San Marcos, alt. 2,700-3,800 meters,
Steyermark 35639; an herb 1.5 meters tall; leaves dull green; corolla
crimson-red in the upper half, pale orange in the lower lip.

COMPOSITAE

Aphanactis Standleyi Steyermark, sp. nov. Herba annua
caespitosa acaulis, 2-4 mm. alta; internodiis nullis; foliis oppositis
sessilibus decussatis congestis rosulato-caespitosis 3-5-nerviis cras-
siusculis, 9-16 mm. longis, 7-16 mm. latis, infimis supremisque mini-
mis, late ovatis vel elliptico-subrotundatis, supra ubique parce
villosis et viridibus, integris, subtus fere glabris et subalbidis, hori-
zontale patentibus, planis; capitulis in anthesi et in fructu sessilibus
4-5 terminalibus congestis, 3.5^1 mm. altis, 2.5-3 mm. latis, in
medio foliorum insertis, pedunculis nullis; phyllariis principalibus
(alio extus fulcratis) 6, biseriatis, subaequalibus erectis membrana-
ceis, plus minusve 5-nerviis, ovatis vel late oblanceolatis, acutis, 3-4

1

FIG. 3. Aphanadis Standleyi Steyermark. Habit drawing (X 2). 1, Ray
floret (X 22); 2, Style branches (X 25); 3, Pales in a series from left to right
showing the ones towards the center of the heads at left gradually enlarging to
those near the outer portion of the heads at right (X 8); 4, A single stamen
detached (X 22); 5, A single head with only involucral bracts shown (X 4); 6,
Mature schene from disk floret (X 23); 7, Disk floret (X 22).

391

392 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

mm. longis, 1-1.5 mm. latis, glabris vel extimis ad margines minute
ciliatis, marginibus scariosis; phyllario alio extus dorso dense villoso
late ovato acuto vel obtusiusculo; receptaculo conico; paleis recep-
taculi diversis paullo asymmetricis tenuibus 1.8-2.5 mm. longis,
0.2-0.8 mm. latis, intimis brevissimis aristiformibus vel elliptico-
lanceolatis, extimis lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis acuminatis vel
aristatis, intimis parce serratis vel dense ciliatis, extimis ciliatis velj
uno latere magis ciliatis, 1-nerviis; corollis femineis radii ca. 5 luteolo- 1
viridibus glabris, quam involucre brevioribus vel vix aequilongis, j
1.5 mm. longis (tubo 0.5 mm. longo basi paullo ampliato, lamina!
erecta cuneata 2-dentata 1 mm. longa, 0.5 mm. lata); corollis herma- i
phroditis disci ca. 8-10 luteolo-viridibus, 1.5 mm. longis (tubo basi
ampliato villoso, 0.5 mm. longo, pilis rectis simplicibus, fauce 0.7 mm.
longo glabro, lobis 5 ovatis 0.3 mm. longis); antheris basi acuminatis;
achaeniis radii et disci similibus 1-1.3 mm. longis, obesis biconvexis
subobcompressis obscure plus minusve 4-5-angulatis glabris fuscis
epapposis obovoideis vel turbinato-oblanceolatis, apice truncatis,
glabris, minute multistriatulis. Guatemala: Dept. Chimaltenango:
In open meadow, leaves flat on the ground, flowers yellowish green,
Cerro de Tecpam, region of Santa Elena, alt. 2,700 meters, December
4, 1938, Paul C. Standley 58674 (type in Herb. Field Mus.).

One of the most unusual plants ever found in Central American
collections is this new species of Aphanactis. Until this collection
was at hand from Guatemala, the genus was known only from the
subalpine Andean regions of Ecuador and Peru, the original species,
A. Jamesoniana, being described by Weddell from the Andes of
Ecuador, while the second species, A. villosa, was described by Blake
(Journ. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 216. 1926) from subalpine slopes at
Chasqui, Peru.

Aphanactis Standleyi is a remarkably distinct species in the genus.
It differs from the other known species in its annual root, leaves
crowded so closely as to appear rosulate, internodes, therefore not
present, the many sessile heads set compactly upon the leafy mass,
2-toothed rays, and much broader leaves. The plant appears to
grow flat upon the ground, so minute is it, and since the heads remain
sessile even in fruit, the whole plant is no more than 4 mm. tall at
the most. In A. villosa and A. Jamesoniana the tube of the ray
flowers is villous, while in A. Standleyi it is glabrous; in addition, the
disk flowers in A. Standleyi are villous only at the ampliate base,
while in the other two species both the tube and limb of the corolla
are villous. Its annual habit, 2-toothed rays, glabrous tube of the

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 393

ay flowers, corolla of the disk flowers pubescent only at the base
f the tube, and terminal, multicephalous inflorescence, make A.
"tandleyi stand apart so far from the other species of the genus as to
uggest subgeneric rank for it. However, further collections of
dditional species may reveal that there are no clear subgeneric lines,
'he combination of epappose achenes, narrow pales, fertile, very
ninute ray flowers, dwarf, cespitose habit, opposite, 3-nerved leaves,
apering-based achenes, and subbiseriate involucre of A. Standleyi
lace it congenerically with Aphanactis.

Archibaccharis androgyna (Brandeg.) Blake, Contr. U. S.
Jat. Herb. 23: 1509. 1926. Baccharis androgyna Brandeg. Univ.
"alif. Publ. Bot. 6: 77. 1914. The type is Purpus 6666 from Cerro
el Boqueron, Chiapas, Mexico. A typical collection of the species
s at hand from Guatemala: Dept. San Marcos: Small, open barranco
ordering meadow, along Quebrada Canjula, between Sibinal and
Canjula, Volcan de Tacana, alt. 2,200-2,500 meters, Steyermark
5976; a shrub 1-1.5 meters tall.

Archibaccharis Standleyi Blake, var. aequivenia Blake,
Jrittonia 2: 340. 1937. The species was described from the region
f Siguatepeque, Dept. Comayagua, Honduras, the variety from
''inca Moca, Dept. Suchitepe'quez, Guatemala, at 900 meters,
"kutch 2056. Another collection of the variety has been made in
Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: High barranco along Rio Samala,
etween Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache', alt. 1,200-1,300
neters, Steyermark 33893; stems ascending; flowers white; leaves
bin, dull green above, pale, dull green beneath.

Neurolaena macrophylla Greenm. Proc. Amer. Acad. 39: 118.
903. The type of this well marked species was collected at Chi-
harras, Chiapas, Mexico, and in North American Flora (34: 307.
927) Rydberg reports it only from that Mexican state. The plant,
iowever, extends into western Guatemala: Dept. Suchitepe'quez:
inca Moca, alt. 900 meters, in woods, Skutch 2055; a shrub or small
tree, to 7.5 meters in height; heads yellow. Dept. Quezaltenango:
Damp thicket, Finca Pireneos, below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt.
1,350 meters, Standley 68437; a coarse herb 2 meters high; heads
greenish yellow. Finca Pireneos, Steyermark 33224; a shrub 2.5
meters tall; flowers yellow; bracts pale green; leaves dark green.
Dept. San Marcos: At middle elevations in forest, above Finca El
Porvenir, Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-1,500 meters, Steyermark
37239; local name Arnica; a shrub of 2.5-3 meters; leaves thin, grass-
green on both sides.

394 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

Senecio boquetensis Standl., sp. nov. Herba ut videtur erecta
30-90 cm. alta inferne ut videtur simplex, superne scapis 1-3 ter-
minata, caule crassiusculo tereti tomento laxo albo dense obtecto,
inferne dense foliato, internodiis brevibus; folia numerosa majuscula
alterna ambitu lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata plerumque 16-21
cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata longiacuminata, basin versus longiattenuata
et ad basin petioli decurrentia, ima basi petioli late dilatata et caulem
omnino amplectantia, lamina interdum in toto margine irregulariter
sinuato-dentata, dentibus latis mucronatis, interdum basin versus
pinnatim lyrato-lobata, lobis inaequalibus basin versus sensim decres-
centibus late triangularibus plus minusve mucronato-dentatis; lam-
ina supra intense viridis, in statu adulto glabra, in juventute laxe
floccoso-tomentosa, basibus pilorum interdum persistentibus et
tuberculiformibus, subtus incana ubique tomento subadpresso sed
laxo dense obtecta; folia suprema valde reducta et bracteiformia,
linearia vel lanceolata 2-4 cm. tantum longa dentata vel pinnatifida;
pedunculi valde elongati fere glabri, capitulis paucis vel numerosis
dense cymoso-aggregatis; capitula breviter vel longiuscule pedicel-
lata ca. 12 mm. alta et 10 mm. lata aurantiaca, pedicellis fere glabris,
basi bracteis numerosis linearibus inaequalibus suberectis fere gla-
bris involucrum aequantibus vel duplo brevioribus fulcrata; phyllaria
ca. 12 et 7-8 mm. longa subadpressa et aequalia glabra acuta, obscure
trinervia; radii late lineares 5-6 mm. longi patentes; corolla glabra
tenuis 8 mm. longa, lobis oblongis 1.5 mm. longis; achaenia juvenilia
glabra, pappi setis albis 5 mm. longis. Panama: Between Cerro
Vaca and Hato del Loro, eastern Chiriqui, alt. 850-1,100 meters,
December, 1911, H. Pittier 5382 (type in Herb. Field Mus.). Open
areas, Bajo Mono, Boquete District, Prov. Chiriqui, alt. 1,350
meters, February 2, 1940, M. E. Terry 1299.

The species appears to be an isolated one, altogether different
in appearance from any other known from Central America.

Vernonia acilepis Benth. ex Oerst. Vid. Medd. 1852: 68. 1852.
The type was collected by Oersted on Volcan de Masaya, Nicaragua,
at 2,000 meters. Gleason in North American Flora (33: 60. 1922)
gives the country erroneously as Costa Rica. The species may now
be reported from Guatemala: Dept. Guatemala, near Fiscal, alt.
1,100 meters, dry, rocky thicket, December, 1938, Standley 59631.
Only one plant was found, but probably the species is plentiful
enough during the rainy season. The vegetation about Fiscal is so
parched by middle December that few green plants can be discovered,
except in particularly well protected spots.

STUDIES OF CENTRAL AMERICAN PLANTS II 395

Vernonia Corae Standl. & Steyerm., sp. nov. Frutex 1.5-4 m.
Itus; ramulis juvenilibus et superioribus griseo-fuscis dense tomen-
osis; foliis magnis ad apicem ramulorum numerosis; petiolis griseo-
ascis dense tomentosis 1.5-3 cm. longis; laminis oblongo-oblanceo-
itis vel anguste obovatis, 12-25 cm. longis, 3.5-9 cm. prope vel
upra medium latis, apice sensim acuminatis, basin versus sensim
ttenuatis, incurvo-serrulatis, dentibus utroque latere 5-25 tenuibus
ursum incurvis, 1.5-2 mm. longis, supra olivaceo-viridibus vel
allido-gramineo-viridibus sparse adpresso-pilosulis, nervis mediis et
iteralibus dense tomentellis, subtus pallido-viridibus, pilis densius
raesertim ad nervos medios et laterales indutis etiam glandulis ses-
libus globulosis resinosis conspersis, tenuiter membranaceis, nervis
iteralibus utroque latere 7-9; capitulis 1-4 maximis subcampanu-
itis subsolitariis, umbellatis, pedunculis 4-8.5 cm. longis dense
^riseo-fusco-tomentosis; floribus numerosis, ca. 125-150; capitulis ad
anthesin 2-2.3 cm. longis, 3.5-4 cm. latis; involucro 6-7-seriato
e;raduato, 2 cm. alto: phyllariis imbricatis, apicibus adscendentibus,
olivaceo-viridibus, marginibus scariosis et erosis vel fimbrillatis,
apicibus mucronatis, superne dense adpresso-scaberulis, exterioribus
ovato-rotundis, late ovatis vel oblongis, minute mucronatis, 8-10
mm. longis, 7-9 mm. latis, interioribus similibus, intimis angustiori-
bus minoribusque, oblongis vel late oblanceolatis, prominente mucro-
natis; floribus lilacinis, 15-17 mm. longis (tubis angustissimis 8-10
mm. longis, faucibus ampliatis infundibuliformibus 4-5 mm. longis
extus glandulosis, glandulis sessilibus resinosis, lobis linearibus plus
minusve 4.5 mm. longis, 0.5 mm. latis, extus glandulis sessilibus
resinosis conspersis et partibus supremis dense hispidulis) ; achaeniis
nigris glabris tetragonis truncatis, apicibus calloso-incrassatis; pappi
aristis setaceis pallidis 2.5-3 mm. longis, sursum serrulatis. Guate-
mala: Dept. San Marcos: Moist, shaded slopes, between town of
Tajumulco and Tecutla (9 miles south and west of Tajumulco),
northwestern slopes of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,800-2,500 meters,
February 27, 1940, Julian A. Steyermark 36787 (type in Herb. Field
Mus.). Between Todos Santos and Finca El Porvenir, middle slopes
of Volcan de Tajumulco, alt. 1,300-3,000 meters, March 1, 1940,
Steyermark 36979. Along road above Barranco Eminencia, alt. 2,700
meters, March 14, 1939, Standley 68574.

This new species of Vernonia, named for Cora Shoop Steyermark,
wife of the junior author, because of her special interest in the genus,
is related to V. Salviniae Hemsl., with which it has been confused,
but it is amply distinct from that species. Vernonia Corae has lilac
flowers only 15-17 mm. long, while V. Salviniae has deep purple or

NOV 1 9 1940

OF ItllNOfS

396 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY BOTANY, VOL. 22

darker flowers 24-28 mm. long. The pappus of V. Corae is only
2.5-3 mm. long, that of V. Salviniae 5-10 mm. long. The leaves in
V. Corae are pale or olive-green on the upper surface and thinly
membranaceous, while those of V. Salviniae are dull, dark green and
of a firmer texture. The teeth on the leaf margins of V. Salviniae
are short and straight, pointing upward and outward, but those of
V. Corae are longer, more slender, and conspicuously incurved. One
of the most distinctive characters is in the involucral bracts, those of
V. Corae being dull or olive-green, conspicuously scarious-margined,
the tips erect or ascending, and the outer surface densely appressed-
scaberulous; those of V. Salviniae are dark, rosy purple, firmer in
texture, conspicuously squarrose, and the outer surface is provided
with shorter, non-scaberulous pubescence. The pubescence of the
upper and lower leaf surfaces is quite different in the two species,
that of V. Salviniae being more dense and of longer hairs, with more
numerous sessile glands on the lower leaf surface.

Vernonia Salviniae was described and illustrated with an excellent
plate by Hemsley in Biologia Centr all- Americana 2: 73. pi. 41- 1881.
The colored plate shows the rosy purple, squarrose bracts of the
involucre and the deep purple flowers characteristic of the species.
The type, which was collected in Guatemala at "Las Nubes, Cerro
de Zunil, 4,350 feet, Salvin," is preserved in the Kew Herbarium,
and has not been seen by the authors, but the many collections which
have been made since from the type locality verify the authenticity
of the color of the flowers and bracts. This species is common
throughout the Occidente of Guatemala and is much commoner
than V. Corae, having a wide range. Vernonia Corae is confined to
the moist banks of barrancos and smaller streams of Volcan de
Tajumulco and Volcan de Tacana, while Vernonia Salviniae is a
very common shrub of the lower cloud forests all the way from Volcan
de Zunil and Volcan de Santa Maria to the Cerro del Boqueron in
the State of Chiapas, Mexico.

The following collections of Vernonia Salviniae have been seen
by the authors: Mexico: Chiapas: Cerro del Boqueron, August, 1913,
Purpus 6669. Guatemala: Dept. Quezaltenango: Finca Pireneos,
below Santa Maria de Jesus, alt. 1,350-1,380 meters, March, 1939,
Standley 68325 (local name Arana), 68303. Volcan de Zunil, alt.
1,900 meters, August, 1934, Skutch 953. Dept. San Marcos: Ba-
rranco Eminencia, above San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta, alt. 2,100-2,400
meters, March, 1939, Standley 68664. Between Canjula and La
Union Juarez, near southeast portion of Volcan de Tacana, alt.
2,000-3,000 meters, February, 1940, Steyermark 36417.